– Adam ómirinde jemis pen kókónistiń alatyn orny erekshe. Qazirgidei ekologiialyq ahýal asqynǵan zamanda quramynda bai dárýmenderi bar jemis pen kókónisti tutynyp, densaýlyǵymyzdy túzep, aýrýdyń aldyn alý óte mańyzdy. Onyń ústine bul salany damytyp, ekonomikamyzdy órkendetýge bolady.
Osy jaittardy eskergen Úkimet qazir elimizdegi jemis pen kókónis salasyn órkendetýge barynsha qoldaý kórsetýde. Bul baǵytta jumys isteitin ǵalymdarǵa arnaiy granttar bólinip, sharýashylyqtarǵa sýbsidiia berilip jatyr. Sondyqtan memlekettiń agrarlyq sektorda júrgizip otyrǵan saiasaty óte oryndy dep esepteimin.
– Ózińiz basqaryp otyrǵan kafedra ǵalymdary da ǵylymi jobalaryn usynyp, granttar utyp alǵan shyǵar?
– Árine, bizdiń ǵalymdar ár ýaqytta izdenis ústinde júredi. 2012-2015 jyldarǵa arnalǵan memlekettik granttardy bólý barysynda bizdiń kafedra ǵalymdary 7 grantty utyp aldy. Onyń ekeýi – QR Bilim jáne ǵylym ministrliginiń granty bolsa, qalǵany QR Aýyl sharýashylyǵy ministrliginiń granty. Jobalarymyz – aport almasyn jańǵyrtyp jańa kóshetterin daiyndaý, jylyjailarǵa qajetti sýbstrattar ázirleý, qarqyndy baqtar men jidek daqyldaryn ósirý, jemisterdi keptirýdiń jańa tehnologiialaryn oilap tabýǵa baǵyttalǵan. Qazirgi tańda ǵylymi-zertteý jumystarynyń nátijesin sharýashylyqtarmen bólisip, olarmen qoian-qoltyq jumys istep jatqan jaiymyz bar.
Osylaisha túrli jemis-jidekterdi ózimizdiń topyraqtyq-klimattyq jaǵdaiymyzǵa beiimdep, jemis pen kókónis ósirýdiń tiimdi tehnologiiasyn daiyndaýǵa barynsha kúsh salýdamyz. Sonymen qatar, júzim sharýashylyǵyn kórkeitýge kúsh salýdamyz. Bul rette mehanikalyq jaǵdaiǵa qolaily júzimniń jańa sorttaryn daiyndadyq. Qazirgi tańda elimizdegi júzimdikterge tehnika kire almaidy. Osyndai olqylyqtardyń ornyn toltyrý úshin ǵalymdarymyz elimizdegi sharýashylyqtarmen tize qosyp, jan-jaqty jumystar júrgizýde.
– Ras aitasyz, kókjidek bizdiń elimizde asa tanymal emes. Sondyqtan onyń qasietin kópshilik bile bermeidi. Kókjidektiń eń basty qasieti – ol kóptegen aýrýlardy emdep, aldyn alatyn daqyl. Bul ósimdiktiń qasietin biletin biren-saran adamdar ony saiajailarynda ósirip, jemisin paidalanady.
– Sonda kókjidek qandai aýrýlarǵa em bolady?
– Kókjidek qan qysymy men asqazan aýrýlaryn emdeýge taptyrmas dári desem bolady. Quramynda V, R, S dáýirmenderi óte kóp. Búginde Eýropa elderi qaterli isik aýrýynyń aldyn alýǵa osy kókjidekti paidalanyp jatyr.
Damyǵan elderdiń dári-dármek shyǵaratyn kompaniialary kókjidekten kóptegen dári shyǵaryp jatyr. Sondyqtan bul ósimdiktiń emdik qasieti orasan zor dep nyq senimmen aita alamyn.
Qazirgi tańda 1 keli kókjidektiń naryqtaǵy baǵasy 5 myń teńgeni quraidy. Bolashaqta elimizdegi sharýashylyqtar kókjidekti ósirse, farmatsevtikalyq kompaniialarǵa satyp, paida tabýyna bolady. Qazir elimizde kókjidekke qyzyǵýshylyq tanytyp, bizben birlesip jumys istep jatqan sharýashylyqtar bar.
– Bir kelisi 5 myń teńge bolsa, óte paidaly ósimdik boldy ǵoi. Elimizde kókjidekti aýqymdy kólemde ósirip jatqan sharýashylyqtar bar ma?
– Ázirshe kókjidekti gektarlap ósirip jatqan sharýashylyqtar joq. Óitkeni jidektiń bul túri elimizde óspeidi. Kókjidek negizinen Jerorta teńizi jaǵalaýy elderinde ósedi.
Sol sebepti bizder qazir memleket tarapynan bólingen grantqa kókjidekti Qazaqstanda jersindirý, túrli sorttaryn daiyndaý jáne ósiretin sýbstrat daiyndaý isimen ainalysyp jatyrmyz.
Kókjidek topyraǵynyń qyshqyldylyǵy 5-6 joǵary sortań jerde ósedi. Al mundai topyraqtar Qazaqstan aýmaǵynda kezdespeidi. Sondyqtan bizder topyraqtyń qyshqyldyǵyn qoldan joǵarylatý jumystarymen ainalysýdamyz. Ádette batpaqty jerde balshyq kepken kezde beti tuzdanyp, appaq bolyp qalady ǵoi. Sol topyraqty jinap alyp, kókjidek egetin topyraqpen aralastyryp, sýbstrattyń qyshqyldylyǵyn arttyrýǵa bolady.
Budan basqa qylqanjapyraqty aǵashtardyń jerge túsken japyraqtarynyń úgindisimen de topyraqtyń qyshqyldylyǵyn kóterýge bolady. Osy atalǵan ádisti Eýropanyń sharýalary keńinen qoldanyp, kókjidek ósirip otyrǵan jaiy bar.
Búginde bizder Polshadan kókjidektiń 3 sortyn ákelip, jan-jaqty zerttep jatqan jaiymyz bar. Bolashaqta osy sorttardan Qazaqstannyń klimattyq ereksheligine beiimdelgen kókjidektiń jańa sortyn daiyndaýdy aldymyzǵa maqsat etip qoiyp otyrmyz. Atalǵan ósimdikti ósirýdiń agrotehnikalyq tásili men tehnologiiasyn daiyndaǵannan keiin elimizdiń barlyq aimaǵyna taratatyn bolamyz.
– Kókjidekti elimizde kóbeitý úshin arnaiy grant utyp alsańyzdar, bul ósimdikke suranys joǵary bolǵan boldy ǵoi?
– Qazirgi tańda kókjidekti ósirýge jekelegen sharýashylyqtar múddeli bolyp otyr. Óitkeni sharýalar onyń baǵasyna qatty qyzyǵýda. Budan basqa kókjidek aiaqqa endi ǵana turyp kele jatqan farmkompaniialar úshin úlken shikizat qory bolmaq. Biz grant alýǵa óz jobamyzdy usynǵanda sheteldik sarapshylar jobamyzǵa joǵary ball qoidy. Quzyrly oryndarda bul salanyń mánin túsinip, bizge múmkindik týǵyzdy.
Elimizdegi birli-jarym sharýashylyq basshylar kókjidekti syrt elderden ákelip, elimizde jersindirýge árekettenip kórdi. Biraq olardyń úmiti aqtalǵan joq.
Aldaǵy ýaqytta bul isti ǵylymnyń kómegimen tolyqtai sheshýge kúsh salyp jatyrmyz. Elimizdegi sharýashylyqtarda ǵylymi-zertteý júrgizetin maman men qural-jabdyqtar joq. Sondyqtan olardyń talpynysy sátsizdikke ushyrap otyr. Aldaǵy ýaqytta bizder ýniversitettegi zamanaýi qural-jabdyqtarmen jaraqtalǵan zerthanamyzda jan-jaqty ǵylymi zertteý jumystaryn júrgizip, kókjidekti ósiretin biotehnologiialyq orta men jańa sorttaryn daiyndaimyz.
– Ǵalym retinde aityńyzshy, aldaǵy ýaqytta sizder kókjidekti dári-dármek jasaý baǵytynda ósirmekshisizder me?
– Biz ǵylymi-zertteý jobamyzdy daiyndaǵanda marketingtik máselelerge de kóńil bóldik. Nátijesinde kókjidekti farmatsevtika, parfiýmeriia jáne taǵam jasaý salasynda keńinen qoldanýǵa bolatynyna kózimiz jetti. Bizdiń ǵylymi-zertteý jumysymyzdyń basty maqsaty – kókjidekti qazaq jerinde jersindirý bolyp tabylady. Al ony óńdeý máselesi birneshe ǵylymi-zertteý jumysyna júk bolady. Qazirgi qolǵa alǵan isimiz – úlken jumystyń basy. Aldaǵy ýaqytta kókjidekti zertteý jumystaryn keshendi túrde júrgizýdiń mańyzy zor dep esepteimin.
– Gúlfaridat hanym, kókjidek qandai ósimdik, sipattap berińizshi?
– Kókjidek butaly ósimdikterdiń qataryna jatady. Boiy 2-2,5 metr bolatyn kókjidek jemisiniń kólemi shie men alshanyń kólemindei. Jaqsy kútim jasaǵan jaǵdaida bir túp kókjidekten 10-15 kelige deiin ónim alýǵa bolady. Jalpy, kókjidek Polshada óte kóp taraǵan. Qazirgi tańda Resei men Belorýs memleketi kókjidekti kóptep ósirýde. Osydan birshama ýaqyt buryn Belorýs memleketine baryp, olardyń is-tájiribesimen bólisip qaittyq. Aldaǵy ýaqytta Polshaǵa baryp kókjidek ósiretin ortany qalyptastyrýdyń jolymen tanysyp qaitýdy kózdep otyrmyz.
Nurlan Jumaqanov,
«UǴTAO» AQ Qoǵammen bailanys bóliminiń jetekshisi
