El qamyn oilaǵan Elbasy
Ǵalamdyq syn-qaterler men naryqtyń qatal qyspaǵyna qaramastan, qazirgi Qazaqstan kemel oily kemeńger Kóshbasshysynyń arqasynda az ýaqyttyń ishinde ozyq bilim, innovatsiialyq ǵylym jáne óndiris integratsiiasy arqyly ekonomikasyn qarqyndy damytyp kele jatqan, dúniejúzi moiyndaǵan birligi bekem tuǵyrly memleketke ainaldy.
Qazaq ulttyq agrarlyq ýniversitetiniń rektory,
QR UǴA vitse-prezidenti, akademik
Nazarbaev fenomeni
Ulanǵaiyr dalamyzdyń bel ortasynda Elbasy Nursultan Ábishuly Nazarbaevtyń óz qolymen turǵyzylǵan Elordamyz – Astana tórinde Táýelsizdigimizdiń biik tuǵyryndai bolyp Aqordamyz asqaqtap tur. Tarihqa úńilsek, búgingi biz jetip otyrǵan azat qoǵamdy ata-babalarymyz qanshama ǵasyrlar boiy ańsap ketti?! Yntymaǵy jarasqan beibit qoǵamda ómir súrip otyrǵan búgingi Táýelsiz urpaq shynymen baqytty. Sondyqtan, Máńgilik El muratyna jetý jolynda barymyzdy qadirlep, qasterleý ár azamattyń mindeti bolýǵa tiis.
Ár memlekettiń órkeniettiligi onyń mádenieti men ónerine, bilimi men ǵylymynyń jetistikterine tikelei bailanysty ekenin eskersek, biz búginde ózindik damý modelin qalyptastyrǵan, ózgelerge úlgili el bolarlyqtai dárejege jettik desek, artyq aitpaǵandyǵymyz bolar. Bul rette Qazaqstandy álemge tanytqan «Nazarbaev fenomeni» týraly aitpaý múmkin emes. Óitkeni, Kemeńger tulǵanyń ǵalamdyq deńgeidegi kóshbasshylyq qasietteri el damýyna zor yqpal etip otyr. Osy turǵydan alǵanda Elbasynyń saiasatynda kemeńger tulǵanyń kóregendik qasieti jatyr. Mine, osy qubylysty álemdik sarapshylar «Nazarbaev fenomeni» dep atap júr. Shyndyǵynda, eliniń qamyn oilap, halqynyń múddesin jolynda aianbaityn Elbasy ǵasyrlar toǵysynda álemdik saiasatqa yqpal ete alǵan sanaýly tulǵalardyń aldyńǵy qatarynan kórine aldy.
Qazaqstan qoǵamy egemendik alǵan alǵashqy jyldarmen salystyrǵanda ekonomika salasynda serpindi qadamdar jasap, eleýli jetistikterge qol jetkizdi. Memleket basshysynyń tiimdi júrgizip otyrǵan saiasatynyń nátijesinde kóptegen qiyndyqtar eńserilip, elimizde jańa indýstrialdy-innovatsiialyq baǵdarlamalar iske asyryla bastady. Qazaqstan búginde ótpeli kezeń mindetterin tolyqtai sheship, postindýstrialdyq qoǵam standarttaryn qalyptastyrýda. Ekonomikalyq modernizatsiia saiasaty áleýmettik jańǵyrtýǵa qol jetkizdi. Evoliýtsiialyq reformalar ózin aqtady.
Halqymyzdy kemel keleshekke bastap, el qamyn oilaǵan Elbasy óziniń ǵalamdyq deńgeidegi kóshbasshylyq qasietterimen jalpy ulttyq ekonomikanyń, onyń ishinde aýyl sharýashylyǵynyń álemdik deńgeide damýyna yqpal jasaýda. Sonyń aiqyn dáleli retinde, jaqynda ǵana Memleket basshysynyń tikelei yqpalymen Qazaqstannyń Dúniejúzilik saýda uiymyna tolyq múshe bolýyn airyqsha atap ótýge bolady.
Memleketimizdiń turaqtylyǵyn aiqyndaityn jahandyq sipattaǵy negizgi máselelerdiń biri – azyq-túlik qaýipsizdigi. Halyqaralyq azyq-túlik jáne aýyl sharýashylyǵy uiymynyń (FAO) aqparaty boiynsha qazirgi kezde dúniejúziniń 1 mlrd.-qa jýyq halqy iaǵni, árbir jetinshi adam azyq-túlik tapshylyǵy saldarynan ashtyqtyń zardabyn tartýda. Álem boiynsha óndirilgen azyq-túliktiń 30-40 paiyzy ónimniń sapasynyń tómendiginen, standart talaptaryna sai bolmaýynan tutynýshyǵa jetpeidi. Ǵalymdardyń zertteý nátijelerine júginsek, 2050 jyly dúniejúzindegi halyqtyń sany 9 milliardqa jetedi. Demek, jer shary halqyn sapaly azyq-túlikpen qamtamasyz etý máselesi tipti kúrdelene túspek. Bul rette basty salmaq aýyl sharýashylyǵyna túsetini sózsiz. Osy oraida, Qazaqstan agrarly memleket bolǵandyqtan, atalǵan problemalardy sheshýde óziniń tyń innovatsiialyq baǵyttaryn usyna alady. Búgingi kúni álemdegi halyq sanynyń ósýi men tutynýshylyq qabilettiń joǵarylaýyna bailanysty elimizde óńdelgen aýyl sharýashylyq ónimniń kólemin 70 paiyzǵa arttyra otyryp, halyqaralyq naryqqa shyǵýdyń jańa múmkindikterine qol jetkizýdemiz.
Memleket basshysy Nursultan Ábishuly Nazarbaev atap ótkendei, Dúniejúzilik saýda uiymyna múshe bolý bizdiń ekonomikamyzdy jańa kókjiekterge bastaityny anyq. Jańa óndirister men jumys oryndaryn ashýǵa múmkindikter týady. Kásiporyndardyń shetel naryqtaryna shyǵýy qamtamasyz etilip, tutynýshylardyń taýarlar men qyzmetterdiń keń aýqymyna tańdaý jasaýyna jol ashylady.
Qazaqstan úshin bul uiymǵa múshe bolýdyń basty artyqshylyǵy – shet memleketterdiń investitsiialaryn tartýǵa úlken múmkindikter týyndaidy. Aýyl sharýashylyǵyn memlekettik qoldaý sharalaryna qatysty, DSU-nyń erejeleriniń eki negizgi bólimin atap ótýimiz kerek:
- Ishki qoldaý. Bul jerde Qazaqstannyń JIÓ-niń 10% deiin aýyl sharýashylyǵy salasyna qoldaý kórsetýge ruqsat etiledi.
- Eksporttyq sýbsidiialar. DSU-niń erejelerine sáikes, eksporttyq sýbsidiialarǵa jol berilmeidi. Degenmen, qazirgi ýaqytta elimizdiń aýyl sharýashylyǵy salasynda eksporttyq sýbsidiialarǵa ruqsat berilip otyr.
Osy sharttardyń ońtaily nátijelerine Elbasynyń agrarlyq salanyń qazirgi jaǵdaiyn tereń túsinip, barynsha kóńil bólýiniń arqasynda jetip otyrmyz.
Jýyrda ǵana Elbasy Milanda ótken biznes-forýmǵa qatysyp, kólemi 500 mln. dollardy quraityn 20 kelisimshartqa qol qoidy. Sonyń biri – azyq-túlik taǵamdaryn, aýyl sharýashylyq tehnikalaryn óndirý. Búgingi tańda Qazaqstanda ekonomikanyń basym salalaryna, onyń ishinde agroónerkásip keshenine qomaqty qarjy salǵan investorlarǵa jeńildikter qarastyrylǵan. Aita ketsek, investorlar korporativtik tabys salyǵy men jer salyǵynan 10 jylǵa, múlik salyǵynan 8 jylǵa bosatylady. Sonymen qatar, salynǵan nysannyń qurylysy aiaqtalǵannan keiin, jumsalǵan shyǵynnyń 30 paiyzyn qaitaryp berý múmkindigi qarastyrylyp otyr.
Prezident senim artqandai, DSU-na ený álemdik ekonomika integratsiiasyna, dúniejúziniń jetekshi 30 eli qataryna enýge jáne «100 naqty qadam» Ult josparyn oryndaýǵa barynsha jaǵdai týǵyzady. Ulttyq josparda ekonomikanyń agrarlyq sektoryn jańartýǵa úlken kóńil bólingenin erekshe ataǵanymyz jón. Prezidenttik baǵdarlamanyń 35-shi qadamynda aýyl sharýashylyǵy jerlerin tiimdi paidalanýdyń joly ony naryqtyq ainalymǵa engizý ekendigi aitylady. Elbasy óziniń bes institýtsionaldy reformasynda agrarlyq salany damytýdyń basymdyqtaryna toqtala kele, basty máselelerdiń biri retinde jer paidalaný máselesine erekshe nazar aýdarǵan bolatyn. Búginde Qazaqstan álemdik jer resýrstarynyń 4 paiyzyn quraityn kólemi 220 mln. ga aýyl sharýashylyǵyna paidaly jerdi ielense de, sonyń 9 mln. gektar memlekettik qorǵa jatatyn jaiylymdyq maqsattaǵy qunarly jeri múldem paidalanbai otyr. Jerdiń 8 paiyzǵa jýyǵy óndiristik qaldyqtarmen lastanyp, taǵy da basqadai sebeptermen aýyl sharýashylyǵyna qoldaný ainalymynan shyǵyp otyr. Búgingi kúni túrli sebeptermen Qazaqstanda 700 myń ga sýarmaly jerler aýyl sharýashylyǵy ainalymynan shyǵarylǵan.
Tereń tolǵandyratyn basty máselelerdiń biri, egistikterde sýarý júieleri tiimdiliginiń kúrt kemýi – ol sýarý jáne drenaj júieleriniń tozýy, jer asty sýlaryn paidalaný barysynda drenajben tolyq qamtamasyzdanbaǵandyǵy taǵy da basqa da sebepter jer betiniń batpaqtanýyna jáne qaita tuzdanýyna alyp kelýde. Osyǵan bailanysty, elimizde keń kólemdegi jaiylym jerlerdi tiimdi paidalaný zańnamalyq deńgeide retteýdi talap etedi. Sondyqtan, qazirgi kezde «Qazaqstannyń jaiylym jerleri týraly» arnaiy zań daiyndalýda. Qazaqstannyń jalpy territoriiasynyń 67,0 paiyzy nemese 187,0 mln. ga jaiylym jerler. Al qalpyna keltiriletin jyldyq mal azyǵynyń resýrsy 25,0 mln. tonna azyq ólshemin quraidy nemese qorektigi boiynsha 1,0 mlrd. put astyq óndirýmen teń. Dúniejúzilik banktiń aqparaty boiynsha jyldyq mal azyǵy 1,2 mlrd. AQSh dollaryna baǵalanady. Búgingi kúni mal azyǵynyń balansynda jaiylym shóptermen qamtamasyzdandyrý 50,0 paiyzdy quraidy, al keibir aimaqtarda odan da tómen. Sondyqtan qabyldanatyn zańnyń bizdiń elimizdiń mal sharýashylyǵyn damytýǵa mańyzy zor.
Búginde elimizde aýyl sharýashylyq ónimdi óndirýmen 189,9 myń agroqurylym men 1632,8 myń úi sharýashylyǵy ainalysady. Agroqurylymdardyń jalpy sanynyń 182,7 myńy nemese 96,2 paiyzy sharýa (fermer) qojalyqtary bolyp tabylady. Olardyń 40 paiyzynyń jer kólemi 10 gektardan aspaityndyqtan, usaq aýyl sharýashylyq qurylymdarynyń ózderi óndiretin ónimniń básekege qabilettiligin arttyrý, innovatsiiany endirý, naryqqa sapaly taǵam ónimderin shyǵarý máselelerin derbes sheshe almaidy. Sonymen qatar olardyń biliktiligi joǵary mamandardy jumysqa tartýǵa múmkindikteri shekteýli. Osy jáne basqa da sebepterge bailanysty jerge ielik etý quqyǵy aýyl sharýashylyǵy óndirisi salasynda bilimi bar, sharýashylyǵy ozyq tehnikamen jabdyqtalǵan óndiris iesine berilýi tiis. Jer qatynasy protsedýralary ashyq bolyp, al tiesili jer sharýashylyqtyń mamandandyrylǵan salasyna sáikes tiimdi paidalaný kerek.
Osy oraida Elbasy usaq kásiporyndar men jeke kásipkerlerdi orta deńgeige kóshirý úshin jaǵdai jasap, irilendirýdiń alǵysharttaryn qalyptastyrý talabyn qoiyp otyr. Osy talaptardy oryndaýdyń basty joly – usaq sharýashylyqtardy kooperatsiiaǵa shoǵyrlandyryp, innovatsiialyq baǵytta damytý. Aýyl sharýashylyq kooperatsiiasynyń ekonomikalyq turǵydan tiimdiligi shetel tájiribesimen dáleldengen. Dúniejúzinde kooperativ qozǵalysy aýyl sharýashylyq óndiristiń 100%-yn, tamaq óndirý ónerkásibiniń 45-50% qamtidy. Kooperatsiiaǵa shoǵyrlaný – aýyldyq jerde turatyn halyqtyń áleýmettik jaǵdaiyn jaqsartýǵa, aýyl sharýashylyq jerlerdiń tiimdiligin jáne qunarlyǵyn arttyrýǵa, jergilikti halyqty jumyspen qamtamasyz etýge, azyq-túlik qaýipsizdigin saqtaýǵa erekshe yqpal etedi. Qazirgi ýaqytta agrarlyq saladaǵy ǵalymdar men aýyl sharýashylyǵy ministrligi mamandary birigip «Aýyl sharýashylyǵy kooperatsiiasy týraly zań» daiyndap, Parlament Májilisine bekitýge usyndy.
Damyǵan elderde jalpy agroóndiristik keshen ónimniń 50-90 paiyzy innovatsiialyq tehnologiialarmen qamtamasyz etilgen. Bizdiń elde osy kórsetkishke jetý jolynda «Údemeli indýstrialdy-innovatsiialyq damý jónindegi memlekettik baǵdarlama», «Agrobiznes-2020» baǵdarlamasy aiasynda aýqymdy jumystar júrgizilýde.
«Altyn úshburyshtyń» eldegi kórinisi
Qazaqstanda mal sharýashylyǵyn damytý, olardy mal azyǵymen qamtamasyzdandyrý maqsatynda ózekti baǵdarlamalar qabyldanyp, iske asýda. Et baǵytyndaǵy asyl tuqymdy iri qara maldyń basyn arttyrý úshin «Sybaǵa», jylqy sharýashylyǵyn tiimdi damytý úshin «Qulan», qoi sharýashylyǵynda «Altyn Asyq», jalpy mal sharýashylyǵynda jaiylymmen qamtamasyzdandyrýdy jaqsartý úshin «Jailaý» baǵdarlamalary óziniń ońtaily nátijelerin berýde.
Aýyl sharýashylyǵyn basqarýdaǵy qazirgi júieni qaita qurý ǵylym men bilimdi barynsha integratsiialaýǵa jáne innovatsiiany tiimdi túrde óndiriske engizýge, ǵylymi kúsh-jigerdi túpki nátijege shoǵyrlandyrýǵa múmkindik beredi.
Osy oraida Elbasy aýyl sharýashylyǵyn damytýda ǵylymnyń róli orasan zor ekendigin eskerip, álemdik talapqa sai keletin ǵylymdy basqarýdyń túbegeili jańa «Ǵylymi salanyń damýynyń institýtsionaldyq negizi» dep atalatyn modelin usyndy. Jańa model ǵylym keleshegine jastardyń senimin arttyrdy jáne ǵylymi izdenisterde olardyń ziiatkerlik áleýetin keńinen paidalanýǵa múmkindik berdi. Osy maqsatta 2020 jyldarǵa qarai ǵylymdy qarjylandyrýdyń ishki jalpy ónimdegi úlesin 2 paiyzǵa deiin ulǵaitý qarastyrylǵan.
Búginde Elbasy agrarlyq salany reformalaý, Halyqaralyq tájiribede «altyn úshburysh» ataýyna ie bolǵan ǵylym, bilim, óndiris integratsiiasyn kúsheitý jóninde jańa talap-mindetter qoidy. Memleket basshysy árdaiym osyndai tyǵyz yntymaqtastyq AÓK-di jańǵyrtýǵa yqpal etetinin qadap aityp keledi. Bul bir jaǵynan, bilim, ǵylym jáne óndiristiń tyǵyz integratsiiasyn, ekinshi jaǵynan, joǵary oqý oryndarynyń, ǴZI jáne tájiribelik sharýashylyqtardyń barynsha derbestigin qamtamasyz etýge qol jetkizedi. Atalǵan júieniń basty júzege asyrýshysy joǵary oqý oryndary bolýy tiis. Osy júieni ázirleý úshin Aýyl sharýashylyǵy ministrliginiń bastamasymen arnaiy jumys toby qurylyp, atqarylatyn aýqymdy is-sharalar qolǵa alyndy. Jumys toby otandyq jáne sheteldik tájiribelerdi zerttep, uiymdyq qurylymdardyń túrli nusqalaryn (Aktsionerlik qoǵam, Memlekettik qor, kommertsiialyq emes aktsionerlik qoǵam) taldai otyryp, integratsiiany basqarýdyń jańa modelin usyndy. Qazaqstan Úkimetiniń qaýlysymen 2015 jyldyń sáýir aiynda agrarlyq saladaǵy jetekshi úsh JOO (Qazaq ulttyq agrarlyq ýniversiteti, S.Seifýllin atyndaǵy agrotehnikalyq ýniversiteti, Jáńgir han atyndaǵy Batys Qazaqstan agrarlyq tehnikalyq ýniversiteti)Aýyl sharýashylyq ministrliginiń qaramaǵyna ótti. Osyndai uiymdyq sharalardyń nátijesinde elimizdiń AÓK úshin qolaily basqarý qurylymy retinde «QR agroóndiristik kesheniniń Ulttyq ǵylym-bilim ortalyǵy» ataýymen kommmertsiialyq emes Memlekettik qor qurý qabyldandy. Qordyń basty maqsaty – qoldanbaly ǵylymdy damytý, kadrlar daiyndaý, zamanaýi tehnologiialardy engizý bolyp belgilendi. Atqarylǵan qyzmetterden túsken tabystar tek qana qordyń damýyna jumsalatyn bolady. Qor quramyna Qazaqstan Respýblikasy Aýyl sharýashylyǵy ministrligine qarasty agrarlyq JOO, ǴZI, tájiribelik-eksperimentaldyq sharýashylyqtar men stansalar, bilim taratý ortalyqtary enedi.
Usynylatyn qurylymnyń basty artyqshylyǵy ýniversitetterdiń, ǴZI-tar men tájiribelik-eksperimentaldyq stansalardyń kadrlyq, materialdy-tehnikalyq, qarjylyq, ziiatkerlik áleýetin barynsha paidalanýǵa jáne konsaltingtik qyzmetter kórsetýge jaǵdai jasaý. Mundai integratsiia joǵary oqý oryn stýdentterine bilim berip qana qoimai, sonymen qatar olardyń múmkindikterine bailanysty jinaǵan bilimderin óndiris pen ǵylymi salada iske asyrýyna yqpal etedi. Elbasy usynyp otyrǵan utymdy strategiialyq baǵyttar atalǵan problemalardy ońtaily sheshý úshin zor múmkindikterge jol ashyp otyrǵandyǵyn aitýymyz kerek. Bul rette, bilim men ǵylymnyń strategiialyq mindeti – Qazaqstannyń shikizat óndirýshi ǵana emes, sonymen qatar aýyl sharýashylyǵynda óńdelgen qosymsha quny joǵary taýarlardy eksporttaýshy el retinde básekege qabiletti memleket bolýyn qamtamasyz etý.
Zamanǵa sai jańasha órkendeý dáýirine aiaq basqan egemen elimiz búginde ótkeninen sabaq alyp, búgingi betalysyn saralap, erteńgi baǵyt-baǵdaryn naqty strategiialyq baǵdarlamalarmen aiqyndap otyr. Bir aita ketetin jaǵdai, ǵalamdyq daǵdarys jaǵdaiynda Memleket basshysy usynǵan «Nurly Jol» jańa ekonomikalyq saiasaty túrli ekonomikalyq táýekelderge tosqaýyl bola aldy. Jýyrda ǵana qabyldanǵan 5 reforma jáne 100 qadamnan turatyn Ult jospary – elimizdi budan da biik belesterge jeteleitin mańyzdy strategiialyq baǵyt-baǵdar ekeni daýsyz. Bul reformalardyń tiregi men halyqtyń ál-aýqatynyń jaqsarýynyń bastaýy – indýstriialandyrý jáne ekonomikalyq ósim. Onyń aiǵaǵy – belgilengen 100 qadamnyń 49 qadamy eldi indýstriialandyrý men ekonomikalyq ósimge baǵyttalǵan. Sondyqtan Táýelsizdiktiń alǵashqy jyldarynda Elbasy aitqan «Aldymen ekonomika, odan keiin saiasat» formýlasy óz mańyzyn joǵaltqan joq dep batyl aitýǵa bolady.
