«Qazirgi tarihtaǵy Oraz-Muhammed Ondanulynyń róli» atty ǵylymi konferentsiiaǵa Qazaqstan men Reseidiń tarihshy ǵalymdary, ýniversitet professorlary qatysty.
Konferentsiiany ashqan Qazaqstan Respýblikasynyń Resei Federatsiiasyndaǵy Tótenshe jáne Ókiletti Elshisi Imanǵali Tasmaǵambetov XVII ǵasyrdyń basynda Oraz-Muhammed Ondanuly qazaq memleketi men Máskeý memleketi arasynda diplomatiialyq negiz qalaýǵa at salysyp, airyqsha miras qaldyrǵanyn atap ótti.
Ol qazaq halqymen Oraz-Muhammed sultandy araǵa úsh jarym ǵasyr salyp qaita qaýyshtyrǵan jazýshy Muhtar Maǵaýinnyń «Alasapyran» romany ekenin eske saldy.
«Barsha Alash jurty úshin bairaqty babamyzdyń jat elde jarty patshalyq qurýy ańyzǵa bergisiz aqiqat! Al onyń el men eldi tabystyrǵan qyzmeti – mártebeli abyroi. Óitkeni Oraz-Muhammed orys jerine jeke dara kelgen joq. Ol búkil el amanatyn, uly dalanyń dos peiili men beibit yqylasyn ala keldi. Sodan bolar tabiǵi tákapparlyǵy men batyldyǵynyń, zerektigi men ádildiginiń arqasynda úlken bedelge ie boldy.
Osy eldiń taǵdyrsheshti syn saǵatyna aralasty. Atqa qonyp, eńseli erteńi úshin kúresti. Adamdar tarihi protsesterdiń logikasyn uǵynýǵa tyrysyp qana qoimaidy, sonymen qatar protsesstiń inertsiiasyna áser etip, oqiǵalardyń barysyna betburys jasaǵan qaharman tulǵalar týraly aqiqatty da bilgisi keledi.
Uly Dalada ǵana emes, jat jurtta, orys jerinde dańqty isterimen tanymal bolǵan Sultan Oraz-Muhammedti osyndai tulǵalardyń shoǵyryna jatqyzýǵa bolady», - dedi elshi óz sózinde.
Oraz-Muhammed Ondanuly sultannyń eki eldiń tarihynda qaldyrǵan erekshe rólin zerttep, zerdeleý jáne nasihattaýdy maqsat etken konferentsiiada alty qatysýshy baiandama jasady, onyń ishinde Resei ǵylym akademiiasynyń Áleýmettik ǵylymdar týraly ǵylymi aqparat institýtynyń Órkenietterdi salystyrmaly zertteý ortalyǵynyń jetekshisi Ilia Zaitsev:
«Oraz-Muhammed Reseidi azamattyq soǵys alaýy sharpyǵan bulǵaq kezeńindegi oqiǵalarda mańyzdy ról atqardy. Ol osy kezeńdegi belsendi memleket qairatkerleriniń biri boldy. Onyń tarihi róli áli de baǵalanbaǵan bolýy múmkin», - dedi.
Ǵalym qazaq sultanynyń tarihi oryny ǵana emes saiasi qyzmeti týrasynda da jalǵasty zertteýdiń qajettiligin aitty.
Halyqaralyq biznes ýniversitetiniń áleýmettik ǵylymdar jáne gýmanitarlyq ǵylymdar kafedrasynyń professory Murat Ábdirov tegi túrki úsh bileýshiniń: Sibir hany Kóshim, qazaq sultany Oraz-Muhammed jáne Petr Ýrýsov atymen tarihta qalǵan noǵai hanzadasy Oraqtyń – keiinnen úlken eýraziialyq derjavaǵa ainalǵan sol tustaǵy Máskeý patshalyǵy kezeńinde tálkekke túsken toǵysqan taǵdyrlary týraly sóz sóiledi.
«Oraz-Muhammed sultan qazaqtyń hany bolýy múmkin edi. Ol Shyǵai hannyń ómirden erte ozǵan úlken uly Ondannyń balasy retinde múmkin qazaq handyǵynyń taǵyna otyrar ma edi? Tipti, Boris Godýnov patshanyń eń senimdi serikteriniń biri bolǵan Shyńǵys tuqymy Oraz-Muhammed ómiriniń sońǵy betteri qupiiaǵa toly.
Resei jerindegi qazaq hany mezgilsiz ajal qushpaǵanda, Reseidegi alasapyrannyń qalyń tumanynan aman shyqqanda Máskeý patshalyǵy taǵynda otyrar ma edi?
Tarihi derek Oraz-Muhammedtiń balasy jalǵan Dmitrii II-ge ákesi oǵan qarsy jospar quryp jatqanyn aitty dep jazady. Bul fakt pe, joq pa, dáp basyp aitý qiyn. Biz bul nusqanyń tamyry qaidan shyqqanyn bilmeimiz. Nelikten uly bulai istedi? Tarih únsiz, jáne biz bul týraly eshqashan bilmeitin shyǵarmyz», - dedi professor.
Resei ǵylym akademiiasynyń Orys tarihy institýtynyń aǵa ǵylymi qyzmetkeri Andrei Beliakov Oraz-Muhammed eki el arasyndaǵy diplomatiialyq bailanystardy jai ǵana bastaýshysy emes, eki eldiń yqpaldasýyna áser etken tulǵa dep qaraidy.
«Múmkin, Oraz-Muhammed Qazaqstannyń Reseidegi tuńǵysh elshisi, izgi nietti diplomaty bolǵan shyǵar. Oraz-Muhammedtiń jáne XVI ǵasyrdyń 90-jyldarynyń ortasyndaǵy diplomatiialyq bailanystardyń arqasynda Oraz-Muhammedtiń tálimgeri bolǵan Qadyrǵali Jalaiyrdyń áigili «Shejireler jinaǵy» týyndysy paida boldy.
Alaida, bul qazaq sultany týraly jaýapsyz suraq kóp. Ákesi Ondan sultan qaitys bolǵanda ol qaida boldy, kimniń janynda boldy, Oraz-Muhammed Sibir handyǵyna qandai sebeppen bardy – bular túsiniksiz?! Onymen birge ájesi, anasy, jary siiaqty handyq áýlettiń áielderi de tutqynǵa tústi. Olardyń da sońǵy taǵdyry belgisiz. XVI-XVII ǵasyr tarihy týraly Resei jazbalarynda Shyńǵys tuqymdarynyń barlyq áielderi, qyzdary patshaiym atalǵan», - deidi Andrei Beliakov.
Al, «QR Tuńǵysh Prezidenti – Elbasy» qory janyndaǵy álemdik ekonomika jáne saiasat institýtynyń bas sarapshysy Radik Temirǵaliev qazaq pen orys qatynastarynyń resmi diplomatiialyq qatynasy Oraz-Muhammed tusynda ornady dep sanaidy.
«Máskeý biligi Táýekel hanǵa deiingi qazaq handaryn odaqtas retinde paidalanýǵa talpynǵan shaqtary bolmasa qoiý barys-kelis jasaǵan joq. Tutqynǵa túsken qazaq sultany Oraz-Muhammed siiaqty Qazan, Qyrym, Sibir, Astrahandy bilegen tóreler de orys patshalyǵynda amanatta boldy. Soǵan qaramastan qazaq sultanyn kótermeledi. Árine, Oraz-Muhammedtiń qolbasshy, saiasatker, diplomat retindegi óz qairatkerligi de airyqsha sapaǵa ie. Degenmen, ol ózine nazar aýdartý arqyly Máskeý bileýshilerin qazaq handyǵymen sanasýy tiis ekenin uǵyndyrdy», - dedi tarihshy.
QazUAÝ «Rýhani jańǵyrý» gýmanitarlyq zertteýler ortalyǵynyń jetekshi ǵylymi qyzmetkeri, tarih ǵylymdarynyń kandidaty, dotsent Nurlan Atyǵaev Oraz-Muhammedtiń múlde zerttelmei jatpaǵanyn, onyń qairatkerligi týraly dissertatsiialar qorǵalyp jatqanyn aita kele, qazaq sultany týraly keibir saýaldarǵa toqtaldy.
«Birinshi, biz Oraz-Muhammedti Ondan sultannyń uly retinde bilemiz. Arhivterde kezdesetin tatar tarihshysy Shihabaddin Marjanidyń myna deregin qarańyz.
«Nasr ad-Din Abýl-Fath Oraz-Muhammed han ibn Ondan, ibn Shyǵai, ibn Jádik, ibn Jánibek, ibn Baraq han, ibn Quiyrshyq, ibn Orys, ibn Batý» dep beredi. Jaýlaýshy mánindegi osy Nasr ad-Din Abýl-Fath men úshin suraq. Bul qaidan shyqty? Tatar áriptesterimnen surap kórdim. Múmkin Marjani bizge tolyq jetpegen bir derekke súiengen shyǵar. Bul qosymsha zertteýdi qajet etedi», dep saýaldar kóterdi ǵalym.
Konferentsiiaǵa moderatorlyq etken qazaq ǵylymnyń qara shańyraǵy, Sh.Sh. Ýálihanov atyndaǵy Tarih jáne etnologiia institýty direktory Ziiabek Qabyldinov qorytyndy sóz sóilep, konferentsiiany túiindedi.
«Oraz-Muhammed qazaq memleketi men Reseidiń ǵana emes basqa elderdiń de tarihynda iz qaldyrǵan uly tulǵa. Onyń ishinde Irannyń, Litvanyń, Polshanyń muraǵattarynda da esimi altyn árippen jazylǵan. Túiindep keletin bolsaq,
Birinshiden, Oraz-Muhammed tutqynǵa túsip, bóten elde, jat jerde Máskeý memleketinde júrse de ózin myqty ekenin, Uly dalanyń uly tulǵalary qandai batyl bolǵanyn dáleldep ketti. Ol Shyńǵys hannyń úlken balasy Joshynyń tikelei urpaǵy. Reseilik áriptesterimniń esterine sala keteiin, Joshy hannyń jatqan jeri Qazaqstannyń Qaraǵandy oblysy, Ulytaý aýdanynda.
Ekinshi, Oraz-Muhammed tutqynda bolsa da Máskeý memleketiniń eń joǵary satysyndaǵy bilik elitasynda oiyp oryn alyp, olardyń qurmetine bólengen dara tulǵa. Mysaly, qazaq sultany Fedor patshanyń taǵynyń sol jaǵyna otyrǵan. Oń jaǵynda basqa tóreler, Kóshim hannyń urpaqtary otyrdy. Ony eshqashanda umytpaýymyz kerek. Bul onyń tóre tuqymy bolǵanynan da shyǵar. Degenmen óziniń mineziniń ereksheligin, 16 jasyna deiin Uly dalada júrip alǵan tárbiesin jat jerde júrgende kórsetti.
Úshinshi, Oraz-Muhammed eki el – Máskeý memleketi men Qazaq handyǵy arasynda turaqty túrde diplomatiialyq bailanystyń eń birinshi úlgilerin kórsetti, ózi sonyń sebepkeri boldy. Mysaly, 1594 jyly Táýekel han Máskeýge Qul-Muhammed atty myqty elshini jibergendegi úsh tapsyrmasynyń biri osy Oraz-Muhammedti alyp kelý edi.
Tórtinshiden, Oraz-Muhammedtiń Resei jerinde júrgen kezdegi ár izi muraǵattarda jaqsy saqtalǵan. Shynyn aitý kerek, XVI-XVII kezeńindegi qazaq handyǵy týraly derekter az. Osy kezeń úshin qundy derekter Máskeýge kelgen elshi Qul-Muhammedtiń Oraz-Muhammedpen áńgimesi arqyly saqtalyp qaldy. Jai ǵana saqtalmai, bolǵan oqiǵalardy ǵana aitpai, Qazaq handyǵynyń ishki-syrtqy jaǵdaiyn, basqa memlekettermen qarym-qatynasyn ádemi sýretteidi.
Besinshi, Oraz-Muhammedtiń tarihy Resei memleketiniń damýyna áser etti. II Ljedmitrii 1610 jyly Oraz-Muhammedti qastandyqpen óltirgen soń, onyń dosy Petr Ýrýsov ańshylyqqa shyqqanda II Ljedmitriidi óltirip, qarýlas seriginiń kegin alyp, I Petr kezinde alyp imperiiaǵa ainalǵan Máskeý patshalyǵy biligine 1613 jyly Romanovtar áýleti kelýine alǵyshart jasady.
Altynshydan, ol jai ǵana qarapaiym sultan bolyp, Boris Godýnovtyń tórinde otyrmai Kasimov handyǵynyń bileýshisi boldy. Halyqtyń turmysyn jaqsartyp, bir-birimen arazdyǵyn toqtatyp, kópultty ókilderdiń ózara tatýlyǵyn saqtaǵan, erekshe ádispen óz handyǵyn bilegen saiasatkerligi orys tarihynda altyn árippen jazylyp qaldy. Oraz-Muhammed 1812-1845 jyldardyń ortasynda Edil men Jaiyq arasynda qurylǵan ishki orda Bókei ordasyn, Jáńgir handy eseptemegende, Reseidiń ishki jaǵynda júrip, han bolǵan jalǵyz tulǵa. Ol Máskeýdiń túbinde otyrsa da qazaqtyń memleket basqarý úlgisin kórsetip ketti. Óziniń tarihi otany qazaq handyǵynyń múddesin de oilap otyrdy.
Jetinshiden, 16 jasqa deiin myqty bilim, jaqsy áskeri tálim alǵan qazaq sultany Máskeý memleketinde qyzmetke barǵanda ózin jaqsy sardar, úlgili qolbasshy retinde kórsete bildi. Mysaly shvedtermen shaiqasta, Qyrym tatarlarynyń Máskeýge shabýylyn toqtatýǵa kópten kóp eńbek etti.
Segizinshi, Oraz-Muhammed eki elge ortaq tarihi tulǵa. 22 jylyn Reseide ótkizgen ol ant bergen Máskeý memleketine adal qyzmet etti.
Osyndai tulǵanyń esimin qalai nasihattaý kerek? Qazir Qazaqstanda, Shoqan Ýálihanov atyndaǵy Tarih jáne etnologiia institýtynda 3 tomdyq tarihi entsiklopediia jasalyp jatyr. Sonyń ishinde Oraz-Muhammedke oiyp oryn berip, keńinen dáripteýimiz kerek.
Qazaqstanda 1 jyl buryn jariialanǵan Elbasynyń «Uly dalanyń jeti qyry» maqalasy aiasyndaǵy «Uly dala esimderi» jobasyna enetin 100 tulǵanyń arasynda Oraz-Muhammed oiyp oryn alatynyna senimdimiz.
Osy tulǵaǵa Qazaqstandaǵy mektep oqýlyqtarynyń, Orta ǵasyrdaǵy Qazaqstan tarihyn baiandaityn 7 synyptaǵy tarih oqýlyǵyna, joǵary oqý oryndarynda oqytylatyn tarih kitaptarynda da jeke paragraf arnaý kerek.
Shynyn aitqanda, Qazaqstanda daiyndalyp jatqan tarih mamandary arasynda orta ǵasyr tarihymen ainalysatyn mamandar óte az. Tarihshylardy osy kezeńge baǵyttaý qajet. Onyń ishinde Sibir handyǵyn, Qasym handyǵyn, Oraz-Muhammed siiaqty tulǵalardy zertteýimiz tiis. Sondai-aq jeńil tilde jazylǵan monografiialardy daiyndap, qazaq, orys, aǵylshyn jáne basqa da tilderde aýdaryp taratý kerek. Ári, basqa da elderdiń muraǵattaryn tereńdei zerttep qosymsha hrestomatiialar ázirleý artyq emes.
Sóz sońynda Qazaqstannyń Reseidegi elshiligine, elshi Imanǵali Nurǵaliulyna myń da bir alǵys bildiremiz! Eki eldiń tarihshylarynyń basyn qosyp, Babamyzǵa taǵzym etip, eki jaqty da moiyndatyp, Oraz-Muhammedtiń qandai myqty tulǵa bolǵanyn pash etip jatyr.
Soǵan shyn júrekten raqmet aitamyz. Oraz-Muhammed sultandai tulǵalarymyz zerttelip, esimderi ardaqtala berýi tiis!»
Konferentsiiada qatysýshylar tek bilim men pikir almasyp qana qoimai, bir-birine qazaq-orys qarym-qatynasy týraly sońǵy monografiialaryn usynyp, konferentsiia uiymdastyrǵan elshilik jumysyna rizashylyq bildirdi.
Aita ketetin bolsaq, 15 qarashada Resei Federatsiiasynyń Riazan oblysy, Qasymov qalasynda Eski tatar ziratynda Joshy ulysynan, qazaqty bilegen Shyńǵys tuqymynan shyqqan Oraz-Muhammed sultanǵa(hanǵa) memorialdy taqta ornatylady.
Nurǵali NURTAI
Bas taqyryptyń sýreti:
Resei Federatsiiasynyń Riazan oblysy Qasymov qalasynda Joshy ulysynan shyqqan Oraz-Muhammed sultanǵa memorialdy taqta ornatylǵan sátten.
