XVII ǵasyrdaǵy teńizge jortý tehnikasy men tehnologiiasynyń qarqyndy damýy bailyq bólisi men halyqaralyq saýdanyń jyldam kórkeiýine qatty serpin bergeni málim. Qurlyqaralyq saýda men taýar tasymalynyń teńiz kólikterine berilýi qurlyqústilik saýda-sattyqtyń damýyna syn qoia bastady. Óitkeni, temir jol, avtojol tasymaldary jyldamdyǵy jaǵynan bolsyn, júkalý kólemi jaǵynan bolsyn tehnikalyq turǵydan meilinshe jetilgen teńiz alyptaryna básekeles bola almai qalǵan edi. Bul óz kezeginde neshe ǵasyr qyzyp kelgen qurlyqústilik tasymal joldarynyń qojyrai bastaýyna alyp keldi. Aziia men Eýropany, ary qarai Afrikany jalǵap jatqan Uly jibek joly da óziniń dáýreninen airylyp tyndy. Munan keiingi attai úsh ǵasyr tutastai teńiz tasymalynyń ǵasyry boldy.
HH ǵasyr sońyndaǵy geosaiasi jaǵdaidaǵy ózgerister, atap aitsaq Keńes odaǵynyń qulaýy men Shyǵys Eýroparyń liberaldanýy, Qytaidyń kúsheiýi, osy mezgildegi ǵylym men tehnikanyń ushqandai damýy búkil halyqaralyq saýda júiesine, elaralyq eńbek bólisine jańa talap qoia bastady.
Óte-móte internet tehnologiiasynyń damýy men shoiynjoldardyń jalpylasýy jáne onyń qarqynynyń adam oilamastai artýy jurtty qaitadan qurlyqústilik múmkindikke den qoidyra bastady. Osyǵan deiin qai eldiń qaisy teńiz joly men qandai portqa qadaǵalaý jasaýy asa mańyzdy bolyp kelse, endi qaisy eldiń qaida ornalasqany, qandai eldermen shektesip jatqany sheshýshi rol atqaratyn boldy. Sonymen, árqandai memleket úshin, ásirese ishkiqurlyqtyq elder úshin onyń geosaiasi ornalasýy asa mán bererlik faktorǵa ainaldy.
Ekonomika ǵylymynda qazirgi zamanǵy ekonomika ǵylymynyń atasy Adam Smitten beri kele jatqan “bailyqtyń darýy” degen uǵym bar. Iaǵni jaratýshy seniń elińe nendei bailyqty molynan darytty, buiyrdy degendi meńzeidi. Ekonomiia ǵylymynyń buida usttarttarynyń biri David Rikardo osy uǵym negizinde daryǵan bailyqtyń salystyrmaly basymdyǵy teoriiasyn tapqyrlaǵan bolatyn. Bul teoriianyń dáripteitini – memleketter ózinde salystyrmaly basymdyǵy bar resýrsy baǵytynda damýy tiis, ózinde salystyrmaly basymdyǵy bolmaǵan resýrstaryn osy resýrstarǵa bai iaki soǵan salystyrmaly basymdyǵy bar elderden aýysýy kerek. Sonda ǵana árqaisysy óziniń basymdyǵyn jetkilikti paidaǵa asyrýmen birge, aiyrbas jasaǵan ekeýi úshin de aiyrbastyń ózirdik quny meilinshe tómen bolady. Sonan beri qanshama teoriialar ómirge kelip, ekonomika zańdylyqtaryn ashyp, memleketter ekonomikasynyń damýyna baǵdar berdi. Bireýi ońdy bolyp, bázbir elderdiń damýyna jol ashty, ishinaralary kei memleketterdiń soryna ailanyp, olardy tyǵyryqqa tiredi. Tek daryǵan bailyqtyń salystyrmaly basymdyǵy teoriiasy ǵasyrlar boiy ómirsheńdigin áigilep keledi.
Adam Smit zamanynda bailyqtyń darýy dep jaratylystyq bailyqtyń berilýi men kapitaldyń toptalýy meńzeletin. Zamannyń ilgerleýi men ekonomikanyń ósimine áser etetin faktorlardyń jiti anyqtalýyna bailanysty óndiris qýaty, ǵylym-tehnikalyq áleýet, innovatsiialyq beiimdilik, túzimniń tańdalýy, ekonomikalyq júie qatarlylardyń barlyǵy daryǵan bailyq kategoriiasyna jatqyzylyp, bailyqtyń darýynyń salystyrmaly basymdyǵyn quraityn qurylymdyq obektiler sanatynda qarastyrylatyn boldy.
Ekinshi dúniejúzilik soǵystan bergi jersharyndaǵy elderdiń damýyn salystyra zerttep jańa qurylymdyq ekonomiia teoriiasyn jasaǵan, 2008-2012 jyldary Dúniejúzilik banktiń tóraǵasynyń orynbasary laýazymyn atqarǵan Tai van ekonomisi Lin Ifý soǵystan beri qaraiǵy mezgilde qaisy el ózindik salystyrmaly basymdyqqa ie resýrsyn paidalanyp nemese soǵan negizdelgen ekonomikalyq saiasat júrgizse, sol eldiń baiandy tabysqa jetkenin dáleldeidi. Mysaly, óz jaǵdaiyna júginbei, damyǵan elderdiń jolyn qýyp, kapital qamtymaly óndiristerdi damytýdy shyǵar jol sanap, soǵan boi urǵan elderdiń jarǵa qulaǵanyn, al ózindegi mol jumys kúshin – jan sany basymdyǵyn paidalanyp, eńbek kúshi qamtymaly óndiristerin jolǵa qoiǵan «Aziia jolbarystarynyń» damýshy elder qatarynan oza shaýyp shyqqanyna kóz jetkizedi.
Demek, áńgime anyq, o zamanda bu zaman kimde kim ózinde bardy bazarlai alsa ǵana jeńimpaz bolmaq. Shirek ǵasyrlyq damý tarihymyzda biz de salystyrmaly basymdyǵymyzdy – mol jaratylystyq bailyǵymyzdy utymdy paidalanýdyń arqasynda birshama jetistikterge jettik.
Dese de, qazirginiń kózimen qarasaq, biz ózimizge darytylǵan salystyrmaly basymdyqtaǵy bailyq qurylymy ishinen dástúrli jaratylystyq bailyǵymyzdan da mándi, absoliýtty basym resýrsymyzdy baǵamdai alǵan joqpyz. Ol – elimizdiń jaǵrapiialyq ornalasýy.
Jersharyndaǵy eń iri ishki qurlyqtyq memleket esebinde elimiz Aziia-Eýropa materigin tutastyryp jatyr. Qytai men Reseidi, Qytai men tutas Eýropany, Resei men Irandy jalǵastyryp jatqan qasietti mekenimiz burnaǵy Jibek jolynyń negizgi tarmaǵyn baýyryna basyp jatyr. Dáýirimizdegi halyqaralyq geosaiasi, geoekonomika, geostrategiialyq jaǵdaiattardy zerttei kele, halyqaralyq saýda-ekonomikalyq bailanystardyń teńizden qaitadan qurlyq kúrelerine ikemdele bastaǵanyn jete baǵamdaǵan Qytaidyń asa ambitsiamen qolǵa alǵan “Bir beldeý – bir jol’’ strategiiasyn, sonyń ishinde “bir beldeý” baǵytyndaǵy murattaryn shyn máninde iske asyratyn deńi de Qazaq jeri.
Qazir eldik sanasy bar árbir azamattyń Qytaidyń osy strategiiasyna, anyǵyraq aitqanda onyń ózimizdiń tóltýma “Nurly jol baǵdarlamasymen” qatar atalyp, dáriptelýine kóńili kúpti ekenderi maǵylum. Bizge bereri ne, qandai paida, nendei utylys degen suraq.
Qytaidyń esebin qaiyra turǵanda, osy strategiiany baiypty, salqynqandy qabyldaýmen qatar, ony ózimizdiń eldik murattarymyz múddelengen baǵdarlamalarymyzben qabystyrý, ony ekonomikalyq, ekologiialyq, tranzittik, diplomatiialyq saiasattarymyzdyń tiianaqty iske asýyna qyzmet ettirý – túptep kelgende taktikalyq saiypqyrandyǵymyz ben pragmatikalyq ikemdiligimizge bailanysty bolmaq. Elimizdiń QHR-daǵy bas elshisi Shahrat Nuryshev 26 qazanda “Qytai investitsiiasy” jýrnalyna bergen suhbatynda atap kórsetkendei, “Qazaqstan Qytaidy Eýropamen, Reseimen, tústik Aziiamen, Parsy elderimen jalǵaityn shoiynjol torabyna ie. Iske qosylyp jatqan Batys Qytai-Batys Eýropa kúre joly – Qytaidyń Eýropaǵa shyǵar eń tóte joly. Qorǵas – shyǵys qaqpa qurlyq porty ekonomikalyq zonasynyń salynýy elimizdiń taýar ótkermeleý qýatyn arttyrýǵa tyń qýat beredi”.
Tórt jyldan beri Qazaqstandy basyp orta Eýropany bettegen vagon quramalarynyń sany 2000-nan asyp, tasyǵan taýar kólemi Aziia-Eýropa qurlyq liniiasyna tán taýar kóleminiń jartysyna jetip jyǵylady. 2017 jyly Dostyq-Alashankoý, Altynkól-Qorǵas temirjol ótkelderinen ótetin taýar kólemi 10 million tonnany igeretini, 2018 jyly 12.3 million tonnaǵa jetetini boljanyp otyr.
Búginderi Orta Aziiadan Qytaiǵa munai aidaityn eki qubyr iske qosýly. Bul Qytaidyń qurlyq arqyly shiki munai aidaityn tuńǵysh qubyry. Jibek jolynyń №1 qubyry atanǵan Atyraýdan bastaý alyp Alashankoýǵa deiingi 2800 km-lik munai qubyry biyl kóktemde shyǵys kórshige munai aidaýdan 100 million tonnalyq mejeni baǵyndyrdy.
Osy jyldyń kúzinen bastap Qazaqstan Qytaiǵa tabiǵi gaz jónelte bastady. Biyldyń ózinde 5 milliard tekshemetr gaz aidalatyny málimdeldi. Bul da Qytaidyń óz territoriiasynan tysqarǵy tuńǵysh gaz jelisi sanalatyn Orta Aziia-Qytai gaz qubyrymen iske asyryldy. Al mundai qubyrdan AVS dep atalatyn úsh jeli jatyr. Túrikmenstannan Qytaiǵa bettegen Orta Aziia gaz qubyrynyń 1300 shaqyrymy bizdiń jerdi qiyp ótedi. 2017 jyldyń 1 qyrkúiegine deiin osy qubyrmen Qytaiǵa jyiyny 187.5 milliard tekshemetr gaz aidalypty. 2017 jyly Qazaqstan arqyly Qytaiǵa 10 million tonna munai jóneltken Rosneft bul mólsherdi 18 million tonnaǵa deiin jetkizýdi mejelep otyrǵany jaily derekter bar.
Osylardyń barlyǵy Qytai úshin atalmysh strategiianyń “bir beldeý” qanatyn qataitýdyń qolǵa túspes tetigi bolsa, biz úshin Qytaidyń áleýetin paidalanyp Batysqa shyǵýymyzdyń, Batystyń bazarlyǵyn Qytaiǵa asyrýdyń, sol arqyly halyqaralyq tranzit-tasymal jáne logistika júiesine qosylýymyzdyń, daliyp jatqan dala tósinen ekonomikalyq qundylyq jaratýymyzdyń, basqanyń salystyrmaly basymdyǵyna táýeldilikten shyǵyp, ózimizdiń salystyrmaly artyqshylyǵymyzǵa múddelilerdi táýeldi etýdi meńgerýimizdiń utymdy quraly bolsa kerek.
Qurmet QABYLǴAZYULY
