– Men Qaton-Qaraǵai aýdany Berel aýylynda týǵanmyn. On jeti jasymda bilim qýyp N.E.Baýman atyndaǵy Máskeý memlekettik tehnikalyq ýniversitetine oqýǵa tústim. Oqýdy aiaqtaǵan soń ǵylym salasynda qyzmet ettim, áskeri biolog bolyp otstavkaǵa shyqtym. Otyz jyl boiy Máskeýde turdym. Elge demalysqa kelgen saiyn mal sharýashylyǵy salasynyń aqsaǵan tustaryn baiqap júrdim. Kókiregimde elime bir paidam tise degen arman oty mazdap turatyn. Otstavkaǵa shyqqan kezimde S.Amanjolov atyndaǵy Shyǵys Qazaqstan memlekettik ýniversitetinen shaqyrtý alyp, ol jerde bir jyl dáris oqydym. Almatydaǵy «Qazaq mal sharýashylyǵy jáne jemshóp óndirisi ǵylymi-zertteý institýtynan» shaqyrtý kelgende, oilanbastan kelistim. Búginde «Aýyl sharýashylyǵy janýarlaryn genotipteý» bóliminiń jumysyn ary qarai jalǵastyryp, jobalarymyzben ainalysyp, jyldar boiy jinaqtaǵan bilimim men tájiribemdi bólisip, elimizdiń damýyna úles qosyp kelemin.
– Elimizge kelip aýqymdy jobany qolǵa alyp jatyr ekensizder. Jalpy aýyl sharýashylyǵy janýarlaryn genotipteý degenimiz ne? Onyń sharýashylyqty damytýda qandai paidasy bar?
– Aýyl sharýashylyǵy ministrligine Úkimet tarapynan 2014 jyly ettiligi joǵary aýyl sharýashylyǵy janýarlaryn genotipteý, iaǵni 10 myń etalondyq popýliatsiianyń málimetter bazasyn qurýdy bastaý týraly tapsyrma berilgen bolatyn. Osynyń negizinde zertteýge Qazaqtyń aqbas siyry, Áýliekól siyry, Santa Gertrýda tuqymynyń «Jetisý» etti siyry, Gereford siyry jáne Aberdin-angýs siyry syndy bes asyl tuqymy zertteldi. Osy janýarlardyń genetikalyq statýsyn anyqtaý – basty másele bolatyn. Óitkeni bizge deiin bul jumyspen Qazaqstanda eshkim ainalyspaǵan.
Al genotipteý degenimiz – janýarlardyń tuqym qýalaýshylyq jáne ózgergishtik qasietterin zertteitin ǵylym. Bizdiń zertteýimizdiń artyqshylyǵy sol – qandai da bir sharýashylyq buqalar satyp alǵysy kelse olar týraly genetikalyq pasportty nemese genetikalyq testtiń protokolyn kóre alady. Zertteýimizdiń nátijesi Astanada Aqparattyq saraptamalyq júiege engizilip, kópshilik qaýymǵa qoljetimdi bolady.
Jumysyzdyń taǵy bir artyqshylyǵy, Eýraziialyq ekonomikalyq qaýymdastyq aiasynda atalǵan uiymǵa múshe elder arasynda aýyl sharýashylyǵyn jandandyrý úshin de genetikalyq pasport qajet. Osy arqyly maldyń tuqym qýalaityn aýrýynynyń bar-joqtyǵy anyqtalady. Bizdiń endigi qadamymyz – jylqy, múiizdi iri qara mal, túie, shoshqa, qoi, eshki maldarynyń genetikalyq aýrýlarynyń tuqym qýalaý dárejesin aldyn-ala anyqtaý. Sonymen qatar janýarlardyń genetikalyq pasportpen qatar, genetikalyq málimetterdi maldyń uryǵynan, embriondardan alýǵa bolady.
Bul jobadanyń negizinde tek janýardyń genofondy anyqtalyp qana qoimaidy, sonymen qatar buqanyń sharýashylyqtaǵy paidaly minezdemesi sipattalady. Eger men sharýa bolsam atalǵan bazany qarap, buqanyń qai jerde ekenin, ony qaidan satyp alýǵa bolatyndyǵyn, uryǵyn qaidan tabýǵa bolatyndyǵyn kóre alamyn. Olardyń uryǵy 10-20 jyl boiy suiyq azotta saqtalady, keiinnen jasandy uryqtandyrý jasaidy. Bul zertteýlermen institýtymyzdyń biotehnologtary ainalysyp jatyr.
– Joba aiasynda atqarylǵan jumystaryńyz jaily aitsańyz. Alǵa qoiǵan maqsattaryńyz qanshalyqty oryndaldy?
– Biyl jobamyzdyń úshinshi jyly josparǵa sai júzege asyrylyp jatyr. Mysaly, 2015 jyly OQO Arys aimaǵynda túielerge zertteý jasadyq. 2016 jyly Kaspii teńizi jaǵalaýy mańynda, osy jyly Balqash óńirin, Almaty, Taldyqorǵan oblysy mańyndaǵy túie sharýashylyqtaryn zertteimiz. Biyl jumysymyzdy qorytyndylap, qoldaǵy bar málimetter Aqparattyq saraptama júiesine engiziledi. Al zertteýimiz boiynsha sheteldik jýrnaldarda jariialanyp jatqan maqalalarymyzǵa qytailyqtar, reseilikter qatty qyzyǵýshylyq tanytyp otyr. Taǵy da bir aita keterligi, jobamyz búginde avtorlyq quqyqqa ie boldy. Sonymen qatar osy ǵylymi jobamyz Bilim jáne ǵylym ministrligi tarapynan qoldaý taýyp, grant arqyly qarjylandyrýǵa ie boldy.
Jobamyz júzege asyrylǵannan soń aldaǵy ýaqytta ara, qus sharýashylyqtaryn damytýdy qolǵa alý kerek dep sanaimyn. Mysaly, aranyń uialaryn bir-birimen aýystyryp, qanyn jańartý kerek. Sonda olardyń beretin ónimniń sapasy men sany artady. Osy sekildi elimizde shoshqa sharýashylyǵyn qarqyndy damytýǵa bolady. Ózimiz etin jemeimiz, biraq kórshi elderge Qytaiǵa, Reseige jáne taǵy basqa elderge eksporttaýǵa bolady. Óitkeni Qytai men Reseide shoshqa etine degen suranys óte joǵary. Sol sekildi túie sharýashylyǵy da asa kóńil bólýdi talap etip otyr. Pákistan, Sýdan, Iran elderi bizdiń túie sharýashylyǵyna qyzyǵýshylyq tanytyp otyr, sondyqtan bul salada keshendi zertteýler jasaý qajet dep sanaimyn.
– Reseide 30 jyl jumys istedińiz, kórshi elden ǵylym salasynda úirenerimiz kóp pe?
– Biz Reseiden ǵylymi zertteýlerdiń mańyzdylyǵy jaǵynan emes, materialdyq turǵydan qalyp kelemiz. Qarapaiym mysal, bizdiń zerthanamyzdaǵy sekvenator osydan on jyl buryn satyp alynǵan. Al biotehnologiia degenimiz kún sanap qaryshtap damyp kele jatqan ǵylym salasy. Alynǵan úlgilerimizdi tolyq zertteýge qanshama ýaqytymyzdy joǵaltamyz nemese zertteý nátijesin basqa ortalyqtarda jasatamyz. Myqty materialdyq-tehnikalyq bazamyz bolsa, janýardyń uryǵyn, embrionyn zerttep, aldyn-ala jynysyn, aýrýlaryn, ónimdiligin anyqtai alar edik. Mysaly, shetelde embrionnyń jynysyn eki aptada anyqtap jatyr. Qý shóppen aýyz súrte almaimyz, ǵylymdy damytýǵa kóńil bólinip otyr, endigi jerde bólinetin qarajat kólemi artsa degen tilegimiz bar. Óitkeni ǵylymǵa qyzyǵýshylyq tanytatyn jastarymyz kóp. Biraq mardymsyz jalaqy olardyń ómir súrýine jetpei jatady.
Taǵy bir aita ketetin jait, Qazaqstanmen salystyrǵanda Reseide ǵylymi orta qalyptasqan. Buǵan olardyń áli de eski Keńestik júiemen bilim berýi sebep bolýy da múmkin. Sonymen qatar ǵylymi zertteý uiymdarynyń jelisi bar. Aimaqtarda ǵylymnyń damýy joǵary. Bizde ǵylymi uiymdar negizinen Almaty qalasynda ornalasqan, Astanada zertteýmen ainalysatyn ortalyqtar endi ashylyp jatyr. Aimaqtardaǵy ǵylymi zertteý uiymdary nazardan tys qalyp júr.
Reseide halyq kóp bolǵandyqtan ǵylymnyń zertteý salalary da ár alýan. Ár ǵylym salasy boiynsha árqashan ǵylymi pikir-talastar bolyp jatady. Osy rette aqiqat degenimizdiń ózi ǵylymi pikir-talastan paida bolatyndyǵyn eskergenimiz jón.
– Áńgimeńizge raqmet!
Arailym BIMENDIEVA, «UMǴTSO» AQ Qoǵammen bailanys bólimi
