«Ulttyq ǵylymi-tehnikalyq aqparat ortalyǵy» AQ jas ǵalymdardyń jumysyn kópshilikke tanystyrýda. Bul joly munaimen lastanǵan sý kózin tazartatyn sorbent oilap tapqan QazUÝ-diń himiia fakýlteti, himiialyq fizika jáne materialtaný kafedrasynyń PhD doktory Keńes Qudaibergenovpen suhbattastyq.
– Keńes, sýǵa tógilgen munai men munai ónimderinen tazartatyn sorbentti qalai oilap taptyńyz? Áńgimeni osydan bastasaq.
– Bul ispen doktorantýrada oqyp júrgende shyndap ainalystym. Árine, taqyr jerde eshteńeniń paida bolmaidy. Jalpy sorbentpmen jumys isteýdi stýdent kezimnen bastaǵam.
Sorbentter ádette ár túrli jáne suiyq nemese gaz tárizdi zattardy óz boiyna sińirip alady. Qazir biz úshin sýǵa tógilgen munai men munai ónimderin tazartý mańyzdy másele. Sýdy tazartatyn jeńil jáne arzan ónimdi shyǵarýdyń mańyzy zor ekenin túsinip, jańa sorbentti oilap tabýmen 2009 jyldan beri ainalysa bastadym. Qazaqstan munai óndiretin negizgi elderdiń biri. Qara altyndy óndirý, tasymaldaý barysynda qorshaǵan ortaǵa birshama zalal keledi. Keide munai kóp kólemde sýǵa, jerge tógiledi. Mundaida qorshaǵan ortany sorbentpen tazartýdyń máni zor.
Qorshaǵan ortaǵa jaiylǵan munaidy joiýdyń birneshe tásili bar. Kásibi mamandar ony termiialyq, mehanikalyq, biologiialyq, fizika-himiialyq ádis dep birneshe túrge bóledi. Meniń baǵytym fizika-himiialyq, onyń ishinde adsorbtsiia dep atalady.
Otandyq munai kompaniialary ekologiialyq máselelerdi sheshýge baǵyttalǵan ǵylymi jobalarǵa kóńil bólmeidi. Olardy munaidy múmkindiginshe kóp óndirýge baǵyttalǵan ǵylymi jobalar qyzyqtyrady.
– Sýǵa tógilgen munaidy kúrish qaýyzynan jasalynǵan sorbent arqyly tazartqanyńyzdy estidik...
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– Iá. Sorbentti kúrish qaýyzynan, iaǵni, aýylsharýashylyǵy daqylynyń qaldyǵynan daiyndaimyz. Ádette munaiǵa arnalǵan sorbentterdi daiyndaýda ǵalymdar ónimdi ázirleitin shikizat qorynyń mol, arzan bolýyna jáne munaidy boiyna sińiretin qasietiniń joǵary bolýyna mán beredi.
– Biraq kúrish qaýyzy birden sorbentke ainalmaidy ǵoi?
– Kúrish qaýyzyn zerthanalyq jaǵdaida termiialyq jáne himiialyq óńdeýden ótkizgennen keiin ǵana qajetti sorbentke qol jetkizemiz. Budan soń kúrish qaýyzy ǵylym tilinde kómirtektengen sorbent degen ataýǵa ie bolady. Sý betinde qalqyǵan munaiǵa zerthanalyq jolmen alynǵan sorbentti seýip, sýdy munaidan tazartýǵa bolady. Bizder kúrish qaýyzynan jasalǵan sorbentti synaqtan ótkizgende 1 gramm sorbent 15-18 gramm munaidy boiyna sińirip, sýdy jaqsy tazartatynyna kóz jetkizdik. Sorbent óziniń tiimdiligin kórsetti. Shikizatty óńdemegen jaǵdaida, iaǵni, taza kúrish qaýyzynyń 1 grammy sý betindegi munaidyń 1-2 gramyn ǵana boiyna sińiretinin baiqadyq. Kúrish qaýyzy shemishkeniń syrtqy qabyǵy siiaqty qatty. Al ony termiialyq óńdeýden ótkizgennen keiin shikizat kristaldyq fazadan amorfty fazaǵa aýysyp, sorbtsiialyq qasieti joǵary sorbentke ainalady. Onyń sorbtsiialyq qasietiniń joǵarylaýy kúrish qaýyzynda kúrdeli óńdeýden keiin kóp mólsherde makrokeýekterdiń paida bolýymen túsindiriledi. Osy makrokeýekterdiń kómegimen sýǵa tógilgen munaidy boiyna sińirip, lastanǵan sýlardy tazartýda joǵary tiimdilik kórsetedi. Al shikizatta mundai keýekter bolmaidy.
– Sý da, munai da suiyq zat. Sonda kúrish qaýyzynan jasalynǵan sorbent munaidy sińiretin qasietke qalai ie bolady?
– Oiyńyz oryndy. Ádette sý men munaidy aralastyrǵanda ózara aralaspaitynyn baiqaimyz. Nelikten? Óitkeni, munai men sýdyń tyǵyzdyǵy jáne poliarlyq qasieti ár túrli. Sol sebepti eki suiyqtyq bir-birimen aralaspaidy. Kúrish qaýyzyn termiialyq óńdeýden keiin, ony gidrofobtaýǵa týra keledi. Mundai óńdeýden keiin sorbent boiyna tek qana munaidy sińiretin qasietke ie bolady. Sýǵa tógilgen munaidy tazartatyn sorbentterge qoiylatyn taǵy bir talap, olar sýǵa batpai betinde qalqyp júrýi shart. Osy turǵydan kúrish qaýyzynan jasalǵan sorbent óziniń tiimdiligin tanytty.
Qazir ózge elderde jasalǵan keibir sorbentter boiyna munaidy jaqsy sińirgenimen sý túbine batyp, birqatar qiyndyqtar týǵyzýda. Al otandyq sorbent sýǵa batpaidy. Óitkeni kúrish qaýyzy óte jeńil.
– Munaidy boiyna sińirgen sorbentterdi jinap alyp, kádege asyrýǵa bola ma?
– Olardan qara altyndy bólip alý mańyzdy másele. Osy turǵydan alǵanda bizdiń joba birshama jetildirýdi qajetsinedi. Kúrish qaýyzynan jasalǵan sorbentti mehanikalyq jolmen syǵyp, boiyndaǵy munaidy aiyryp alýǵa bolady. Biraq mundaida sorbentti birneshe ret paidalaný qasieti tómendeidi. Ádette sorbentti bir ret emes, birneshe ret paidalanady. Ázir biz kúrish qaýyzynan jasalǵan sorbentti úsh-tórt ret paidalanýdyń múmkindigin qarastyryp jatyrmyz. Másele oń sheshimin tapsa, mundai sorbentti óndiristik deńgeide óndirý múmkindigine jol ashylady.
Qazir qorshaǵan ortany qorǵaý salasynda sintetikalyq sorbentter qoldanylyp júr. Olardy syǵyp, boiyndaǵy munaidy bólip alǵannan keiin sintetikalyq sorbentter birden óz qalpyna keledi. Biraq bular óte qymbat. Al bizdiń sorbentti syqqanda onyń qurylymy ózgerip, munai sińirý deńgeii tómendep ketedi.
Qazaqstan munai óndiretin negizgi elderdiń biri. Qara altyndy óndirý, tasymaldaý barysynda qorshaǵan ortaǵa birshama zalal keledi. Keide munai kóp kólemde sýǵa, jerge tógiledi. Mundaida qorshaǵan ortany sorbentpen tazartýdyń máni zor.
– Bul máseleni sheshýdiń joldary bar ma?
– Munai kompaniialary jobaǵa qyzyǵýshylyq tanytty ma?
– Otandyq munai kompaniialary ekologiialyq máselelerdi sheshýge baǵyttalǵan ǵylymi jobalarǵa kóńil bólmeidi. Olardy munaidy múmkindiginshe kóp óndirýge baǵyttalǵan ǵylymi jobalar qyzyqtyrady. Sondyqtan bizdiń jobaǵa qyzyǵýshylyq tanytqan kompaniia bolǵan joq.
– Qazir álem ǵalymdary qandai zattardan sorbent jasap jatyr?
– Dúniejúzi ǵalymdary munaimen lastanǵan sýdy tabiǵi qaldyqtarmen, iaǵni, jańǵaq qabyǵy, aǵash pen banan qabyǵy, bidai sabaǵynan daiyndaǵan. Orys ǵalymdarynyń grafitten jasaǵan sorbentteri boiyna kóp mólsherde munaidy sińiretin qasietimen erekshelenýde. O basta grafitten jasalǵan 1 gramm sorbent 40 gramm munaidy boiyna sińiretinin estigende tańqalǵanmyn. Keiin onyń rastyǵyna kózim jetti. Sondyqtan qazirgi tańda sý betine munai tógilgende, kóptegen munai kompaniialary grafitten jasalǵan sorbentpen sýdy tazartyp júr. Grafitten daiyndalatyn sorbenttiń kemshin tustary da bar. Ol jeńil. Sondyqtan lastanǵan aimaqqa tikushaqpen sepkende jeldiń áserinen aidalaǵa shashylyp ketedi.Ekinshiden quny qymbat.
– Sorbent termiialyq jaǵdaida óńdeletinin bildik. Bul shikizatty joǵary temperatýrada qyzdyrý degen sóz. Mundai jaǵdaida shikizat kúlge ainalyp ketpei ma?
– Termiialyq óńdeý barysynda arnaiy peshter men reaktorlar qoldanylady. Shikizat atmosferalyq jaǵdaida qyzdyrylmaityndyqtan ol kúl bolmai kómirtekti materialǵa ainalady. Budan syrt shikizatty órteý barysynda túrli gazdar paidalanamyz. Sonyń arqasynda qurylymy kómirtegi atomdarynan quralǵan keýektengen ónim alynady. Onyń keýekterin tek elektrondy mikroskoptyń kómegimen kórýge bolady.
Áńgimeńizge rahmet!
Suhbattasqan Nurlan JUMAHAN.
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