Elimizdegi almanyń atasy Sivers almasy joiylyp ketýdiń aldynda tur
Ǵylymi jumys barysynda dúniejúzindegi almanyń atasy sanalatyn Sivers almasy men abrikostyń genetikalyq qoryn saqtap qalý boiynsha kóptegen jumystar atqarylǵanyn atap ótýimiz kerek. Sonymen qatar ǵylymi-zertteý jumysyn iske asyrý barysynda jabaiy jemis aǵashtaryn ósirý, orman ishine qajetti kóshetter alý, Jońǵar Alataýy tabiǵi saiabaǵynda jemis aǵashtarynyń tabiǵi taralymyn qalypqa keltirý máseleleri jan-jaqty zeredelengen.
Buǵan deiin Qazaqstan, AQSh jáne Eýropanyń jetekshi ǵalymdary qazaq jerinde ósetin jabaiy Sivers almasy jersharyna taralǵan almanyń negizgi túbiri ekenin ǵylymi turǵydan dáleldegen-di. Búginde dúniejúziniń túkpir-túkpirinde kommertsiialyq baǵytta ósiriletin, ǵasyrlar boiy kóptegen selektsiiadan ótken alma sorttarynyń negizgi atasy Qazaqstannyń ońtústik, ońtústik-shyǵys aimaǵynda ósetin Sivers almasy ekenin álem ǵalymdary moiyndaǵan.
Genetikalyq degradatsiia, klimattyń ózgerý, jańa ziiankester men túrli aýrýlardyń paida bolýy saldarynan zamanaýi alma sorttary óziniń ónimdiligin jyl ótken saiyn joǵaltyp jatqany emes. Mamandar Qazaqstanda kúni búginge deiin saqtalǵan Sivers almasynyń genetikalyq qory alma sorttarynyń ónimdiligin arttyryp, túrli aýrýlarǵa qarsy turaqty immýnitet qalyptastyrýǵa jol ashatynyn alǵa tartýda. Sol sebepti Qazaq orman sharýashylyǵy jáne agroorman melioratsiiasy ǵylymi-zertteý institýty ǵalymdary Qazaqstannyń ormandarynda ósetin jabaiy Sivers almasyn jan-jaqty zerttep, belgilengen aimaqta keń taralýyna kúsh salýda.
Ǵalymdardyń esebinshe qazirgi tańda almanyń atasy sanalatyn Sivers almasy Tarbaǵataida 297,2 gektar jerge taralsa, Ile Alataýynyń baýraiynda 5496 gektar jerdi, al Jońǵar Alataýynda 14037 gektar aýmaqty alyp jatqanyn anyqtaǵan.
Sondai-aq olar elimizdegi 15 selektsiialyq-genetikalyq ýchaskede 1932-2007 jyldar aralyǵynda, iaǵni, 75 jyl boiyna ǵylymi-zertteý jumystaryn júrgizip, jabaiy Sivers almasy Ile Alataýynyń baýraiynda 80 paiyzǵa, Jońǵar Alataýynda 28 paiyzǵa qysqarǵanyna kóz jetkizgen. Osy bir kórsetkishten-aq, jabaiy almanyń joiylyp ketýidiń az-aq aldynda turǵanyn baiqaýǵa bolady.
Ǵalymdardyń málimetinshe Ile Alataýyndaǵy gibridti-mádeni sorttardyń qataryna jatatyn alma aǵashtarynyń kólemi 20-40 paiyzǵa deiin tómendepti. Jabaiy Sivers almasynyń bulaisha sireýine kóp jaǵdaida genetikalyq eroziiaǵa ushyraýy áser etýde.
Jabaiy Sivers almasyn saqtap qalý úshin izdenýshelir taý bókterinde, túrli biiktik deńgeiinde (teńiz deńgeiinen 1125-1385 metr biiktik aralyǵynda) alma kóshetterin otyrǵyzylǵan. Sonymen qatar alma kóshetteriniń qasyna aǵashty jáne butaly ósimdikter – úieńki, dolana, moiyl, siyrqaraqattarda otyrǵypty. Kóshetterdiń ósip, jetilý barysyn zerttegen ǵalymdar onyń 24 paiyzynyń álsizdigin, al 6 paiyzynyń qýrap qalǵanyn baiqaǵan.
Sonymen qatar ǵalymdar sońǵy jyldary Sivers almasynyń dáni arqyly tabiǵai jaǵdaida ósip-ónýi múlde toqtaǵanyn alǵa tartýda. Naqtyraq aitsaq, sońǵy 20-25 jylda alma atasynyń tabiǵi ósip, jetilýi pyshaq keskendei toqtaǵan. Ǵalymdar Sivers almasynyń ósip, ónýine sońǵy ýaqyttary paida bolǵan aýrý túrleri qatty áser etkenin anyqtady.
Taý baýraiyndaǵy jabaiy almalardyń ónimdiligi de aitarlyqtai tómendegen. Alma aǵashtarynyń jemis berýine aýa raiynyń turaqty bolmaýy áser etýde. Kóktemde aýa-raiy kúrt sýytqan kezde alma túinekterin úsik shalyp, alma bitkenniń bári jemissiz qalatyn kezderi jii oryn alatyn bolǵan.
Qazaq orman sharýashylyǵy jáne agroorman melioratsiiasy ǵylymi-zertteý institýty ǵalymdary júrgizgen zertteý jumystaryn elimizdiń orman sharýashylyǵyn saqtaý baǵytynda jumys istep jatqan kásiporyndar men sharýashylyqtar keńinen qoldanýyna bolady. Budan basqa ózge de ǵylymi jobalarǵa negiz bolatynan aita ketýimiz kerek.
