Avtory Aleksandr Maýzer
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Dj. Djistyń músini[/caption]
Premiialar onyń teńi emes edi jáne ókimettiń oǵan degen «syrty bútin...» qatynasy ony kópke súiremedi. Biraq Irlandiiada onyń esimin «ult qamqorshysy» retinde bári jaqsy biledi. Ol - bar dáýirdiń jumbaq ári tanymal irlandiialyǵy, jazýshy Djeims Djois edi.
Djeims Avgýstin Aloizii Djois kókshil mádeniet ishinde; ashtyq pen migratsiia jailaǵan, jasyl jylanqumarlar sanalatyn Irlandiiada, qazirgi Dýblin shtaty, Rathgar aýdanynda dúniege kelgen. 1882 jyly, ekinshi aqpan, tańǵy saǵat alty jarym shamasynda. Ol belgili halyq áninde aitylatyn «Thursday`s child for to go» ( «Beisenbide ómirge kelgen bala») degen sózdi óz ómirimen aqtap ótti. Ákesi – Djon Stanislaýs Djois , anasy – Merri Mei Djois. Ol ákesimen jaqsy qarym- qatynasta bola almady. Ol týraly óz kúndeliginde; «Meniń kitaptarymdaǵy júzdegen keiipkerler obrazy ákemnen alynǵan» deidi jáne sol kezeńde «ol qarjy qyspaǵyna ushyrady...» dep jazady. Bir kezderi Djon Djois salyq mekemesinde jumys istep júrgende qarjylyq jaǵdaiy bas alańdatpaityn. Biraq jazýshynyń ákesine 1891 jylǵy jumystan qýylýy qatty soqqy bop tidi.
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Djeims Djois[/caption]
Djeims Djois qatań katoliktik tárbiede ósti. 1888 jyly alty jasar Djeimsti Piter Kenniń bastaýymen 1814 jyly qurylǵan , Orden iezýtter basqaratyn ul balalarǵa arnalǵan Klongoýz Výd kolledj- mektebine oqýǵa beredi. Mektep uiymdastyrý distsipilinasy jaǵynan sol kezdegi Irlandiiadaǵy eń úzdik katoliktik oqý oryndary qataryna jatatyn. Bul týraly Djois óziniń «Sýretshiniń jastyq portreti» romanynda jazady. Bala kezdegi irlandyqtar men aǵylshyndar arasyndaǵy qaqtyǵystarǵa kýá bop ósken Djeims birtindep katolizmnen taiqyp ketedi.
Djoistanýshy Flenn O Braien bylai jazady: «Keibir oishyldar ( onyń ishinde kóbisi- irlandyqtar, katolikter jáne kóptegen atqaminerler) Djois pen Satananyń arasynda uqsastyq bar dep moiyndap qoiǵan. Sonda ol qandai uqsastyq?.. Mysaly, ekeýiniń de basqa esimderi boldy; Djoistiki- týra aýdarmada «nur shashýshy» degen maǵyna beretin – Stiven Dedal, al Satananyki «kóleńke kniazi» maǵanasyndaǵy – Liýtsifer. Ekeýi de alǵashqy qadamda qarqyndy, ekeýi de tálim alǵan ustazdary joǵary bilimdi, ekeýi de namysshyl rýhty boldy deidi. Desek te Djois pen Satananyń arasynda bir-birine uqsamaityn ózindik erekshelikteri de bar edi. Satana eshqashan Jaratýshyǵa syn aitpady, al, Djois bolsa bárine «Qudai joq!» dep jar saldy...». Taǵy birde O Braien bylai deidi: «Djeims Djois sýretshi bolǵan jáne ózi de muny moiyndaidy. Shyǵarmashylyq adam úshin óner ómirden de qymbat emes pe... Sodan bolar, ol ózine máńgilik azap kórip ótse de osynaý shyǵarmashylyq missiiany oryndaýǵa ant etti. Osy oraida Djoistyń tozaqqa sengenin, biraq jumaqta, Qudaidyń qasynda bolǵysy kelgendigin negizge alýǵa bolady».
1891 jyl - Djoistar áýleti úshin qaraly jyl boldy. Djeimsti Soltústik Richmondtaǵy Hristian aǵaiyndylar mektebine aýystyrady. Osy jyldyń altynshy qazanynda Parnel dúnieden ótedi. Dál osy kezde toǵyz jasar Djeims uly tulǵaǵa arnap alǵashqy « Parnel» nemese « El Tu, Healy» óleńin jazady. Onda ol Parneldi qaralýshy Timoti Hiliǵa ashyq narazylyǵyn bildiredi. Arada eki jyl ótkennen keiin, iaǵni 1893 jyly Djon Djois (ákesi) kóshede Klongoýz aǵa rektory Komni ákeni kezdestiredi. Keiin Djeims pen onyń aǵasy Stanislaýsty iezýittik Balvader kolledjine sol jyldyń sáýirinen bastap oqýǵa beredi. Al, odan keiin Djoeims Djois 1902 jyly University college- in úzdik támamdaidy. Joǵarǵy oqý ornynda oqyp júrip ol alǵash prozaǵa qalam tartady. Sóitip maqalalar, esseler jazyp jáne pesalar aýdarady. 1902 jyly meditsinany oqý maqsatynda Parijge sapar shegedi jáne sondaǵy qyzyǵýshylyǵy men áýesqoilyǵyn Ulttyq kitaphanada jumsap, óleń jazady. Aqyrynda «Kameralyq mýzyka» jinaǵy men shaǵyn "Epifaniiam" prozasyn dúniege ákeldi.
1903 jyl 10 sáýirde ákesi Djoisqa anasynyń aýyr halde jatqandyǵy týraly telegramma jiberdi. Djois Parijdi tastap, Dýblinǵa oralady. 13 tamyzda anasy Merri Mei dúnieden ozady. Djois anasynyń ótinishi bolsa da, ózin shirkeýge barmaǵandyǵy úshin kináli sanap, ishimdikke salynyp ketedi.
Óz týǵan jerinde Djeims Djois sabaq berip, án aitýdan jáne jýrnalistikadan lektsiia oqyp, azdap aqsha tabady. "Dýblindyqtar" jinaǵyna arnap óleńder men ertegiler jazady. 1903 jyldyń 10 shildesinde Golýeilik sulý Nora Barnaklmen kezdesedi. Jazýshynyń ákesi (ázil de bolsa) óz ulynyń Barnakl tekti (barnacle aǵylsh.- "jelimdelý") qyzben kezdesip júrgenin bilip, "ol qyzdyń ony eshqashan tastamaitynyn" aityp kelisim bergen edi. Áke kelisimi sońǵy ósiet bolǵandai ekeýi atastyrylyp qoiyp, zańdy nekeleri arada 27 jyl ótkennen soń Londonda qiyldy.
Keler on jyldyǵynyń kóbisin Djois Eýropanyń ártúrli elderinde jumys isteýmen ótkizedi. Ol jazýdy toqtatpaidy, biraq basylym betteri onyń jazǵanynan únemi bastarta berdi. 1909-1912 jyldary Djois "Dýblindyqtaryn" baspaǵa bergisi keledi. Sóitip Mounsel baspahanasymen kelisimshart jasasqany sol-aq edi, qoǵamdyq pikirde daý týdyryp, kitaptyń barlyq tirajy órteledi. Sebep bireý: ertegiler patriottyqqa tárbielemeidi. Osylaisha qorlanǵan Djois endi óz otanyna oralmaimyn dep uiǵarady.
1921 jyldyń 29 qazanynda Djois "Ýlissti" jazyp bitirdi. Jazýshynyń ózi aitqandai "Ýliss" 1naýryzda bastalyp, 30 qazan kúni, iaǵni Ezra Paýndtyń ( aqyn) týǵan kúninde jazylyp bitken. Osy týyndyny jazý barysynda avtor óziniń 20 myń saǵat jumys istegendigin jáne onyń paidalanbaǵan 12 kilogrammdai ǵana jaman paraǵy qalǵandyǵyn aitady. Biraq syidyń ornyna Djeims sógis estidi. Roman AQSh-ta jáne Ulybritaniiada tyiym salynǵan bolatyn. Osylaisha "Ýliss" alǵashqy on eki jylda umyt bolady. Tek 1933 jyly sot sheshimimen AQSh- ta jariialanýǵa ruqsat etilip, artynan 1936 jyly Ulybritaniiada shyqqan bolatyn.
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Djoistyń jastyq shaǵy[/caption]
Al Djoisqa dańq 1930 jyldardyń sońyndy, iaǵni qaitys bolýyna sanaýly ýaqyt qalǵan kezde ǵana oralǵan edi. Onyń eń fantosmogoriftik ári aýdarýǵa kelmeitin, tek kóptildi oqyrmandarǵa ǵana arnalǵan maǵynalyq kitaby –"Finnegalov polina". Bul kitap 1883 jyly basylyp shyqqan bolatyn. Al, 1939 jyly Djoistyń portreti "Taims" jýrnalynyń muqabasyna da shyǵyp úlgergen-tin. Desek te budan sál birneshe jyl buryn Djeims pen Norege taǵy bir qiyn-qystaý kezeńdi bastan ótkizýge týra keldi; qyzdary Liýchiia shizofreniia diagnostikasyna shaldyqty. Dárigerler qyzynyń agressivti minez-qulqyna bailanysty endi ony emhanaǵa jatqyzýdy usyndy. Indettiń bir sebebi – sol tustaǵy Parijde turǵan, belgili irlandyq jazýshy, Djoistyń hatshysy bolǵan Samiýel Bekkettiń jaýapsyz mahabbaty bolýy da yqtimal degen boljam bar.
Liýchiia Djois 1982 jyldyń 12 tamyzynda, 47- jasqa aiaq basqan shaǵynda psihalogiialyq emdeý emhanasynda qaitys boldy. Al, 1998 jyldan bastap onda jyl saiyn Liýchiianyń týǵan kúninde (26 maýsymda) Lucia days dep atalatyn turǵyndardy shizofreniia indetinen saqtandyrý maqsatynda ótkiziletin is- shara kúni qalyptasqan.
Djeims Djois 1941 jyldyń 13 aqpan kúni, saǵat 2-den 15 minýt asqanda, iaǵni, 58 jasynda Chwesternhouse von Reterkreuz Hospital aýrýhanasynda dúnieden ótti.
Búgingi tańda onyń "Ýliss" romany taralymy boiynsha birinshi oryn alatyn HH ǵasyr kórkem ádebietteriniń eń baǵalysy. Boon and Magazine Collection jýrnalynyń reitingisine súiensek avtordyń qolymen jazylǵan "Ýlisstiń" alǵashqy basylymy qazir 100 000 dollar turady eken. Bul HH ǵasyr kitabyna berilgen eń qymbat baǵa.
Aýdarǵan Jantas ERKIN,
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