Shoqan Ýálihanov týraly referat
Shoqan 1835 jyldyń qarasha aiynda qazirgi Qostanai oblysynyń Qusmuryn beketinde ataqty aǵa sultan Shyńǵys Ýálihanov otbasynda dúniege kelgen. Arǵy atasy Abylai jońǵarlarǵa qarsy soǵysta asqan erlik kórsetken, el birligi men tynyshtyǵy úshin kúresken, aqyldy qolbasshy, isker diplomat, amal-ailasy mol Orta júz hany bolǵan. Shoqannyń balalyq shaǵy Syrymbet taýynyń baýraiynda, týǵan eli Kókshetaýda ótken. Shoqan ájesi Aiǵanymnyń tárbiesinde bolǵan. 1847 jyly 12 jasar Shoqandy ákesi sol kezdegi eń tańdaýly oqý orny bolyp eseptelgen Sibir kadeti korpýsyna oqýǵa ornalastyrady. Shoqannyń búkil keleshegi men ǵylym, óner jolyndaǵy talantyn ashýda bul oqý ornynyń mańyzy erekshe boldy. Munda jabyq áskeri oqý orny bolǵanymen, kóptegen pánder áskeri sabaqtarǵa qosa orys, batys ádebieti, geografiiasy men tarihy, filosofiia, fizika, matematika negizderi, shetel tilderi oqytylyp, orystyń ozyq oily intelligentteriniń ókilderi sabaq bergen.
Oqytýshylar quramynda bilimdi jáne progresshil oi-pikirli adamdar kóp bolǵan. Kadet korpýsynda Shoqan óziniń zerektigimen erekshelengen. Tildi tez meńgerip, ózi qatarlas oqýshylardan ozyq oqyǵan. "Korpýsta oi-órisi, bilimi jaǵynan Shoqan tez ósti, orys joldastaryn basyp ozyp otyrdy. Oǵan talailar-aq, nazar aýdardy. Ol sondai qabiletti edi, ózinen eki jas úlkenderdiń klasyndaǵylardy da bilim, ideia jaǵynan basyp ozdy" – dep jazdy birge oqyǵan dosy, etnograf-ǵalym T.N.Potanin. Sibir kadeti korpýsynda oqýdyń sońǵy jyldarynda-aq, Shoqan sanaly, tereń oily, jan-jaqty bilimdi, ózindik qózqarasy qalyptasqan, týǵan halqynyń qajet-muqtajdaryn paiymdap, túsine alatyn, oǵan barynsha paidaly qyzmet etýge ázir ekendigin tanytty.
Ol Kosopletskii, Toneevskii siiaqty (orys ádebieti men tili, tarih páni) oqytýshylarynyń igi yqpalymen óziniń joǵary qabileti men daryndylyǵynyń arqasynda orys jáne dúnie júzi ádebietiniń ozyq úlgilerin oqyp tanysyp, ǵylymi paiymdaý, tujyrymdar jasai bildi. Onyń zertteýshilik qabileti de osy korpýsta oqyp júrgende birtindep qalyptasyp, dami tústi. Ol, ásirese, jazǵy demalys kezderinde el ishindegi halyq jyrlary men dastandaryn jazyp alyp, ańyz-áńgimelerdi jinaýǵa qyzyqty. Mysaly, "Qozy Kórpesh-Baian sulý jyry Shoqannyń alǵashqy jazǵan shyǵarmalarynyń biri boldy. Shoqan jinaǵan qazaqtyń aýyz ádebieti úlgileri nusqalaryn, "Qozy Kórpesh-Baian sulý" jyryn kórnekti shyǵys zertteýshisi, Peterbýrg ýniversitetiniń professory I.I.Berezin bul zertteýlerge nazar aýdaryp, jazyp alǵan. Shoqannyń zertteýshilik qabiletin baiqaǵan ǵalym ony óz tarapynan eski jazý eskertkishterin zertteý isine tartqan. Shoqannyń "Professor I.N.Berezinge hat", "Professor I.I.Berezinniń "han joryqtary" kitabyna retsenziia" t.b. alǵashqy ǵylymi jumystarynyń ózinen-aq, onyń bolashaǵy zor ǵalym, zertteýshi bolatyndyǵy ańǵarylatyn. Shoqannyń bilimine muǵalimderi men qurbylary erekshe qyzyqqan, sol kezdiń aldyńǵy qatarly oi-pikirlerimen tanystyǵyn joldastarynyń kóbi úlgi tutyp, moiyndaǵan. Shoqan olardyń Eýropa mádenietine bet burýyna sebepshi bolǵan. "Bizden jasy kishi bolsa da, ózimizben salystyrǵanda, ol úlken syqyldy edi de, bizder oǵan qaraǵanda bala tárizdi edik, óziniń bizden artyq biletindigin ne bizderden bilimi jaǵynan joǵarlylyǵyn bildirýge tyryspasa da, jai áńgimeniń ózinde-aq, onyń biliminiń bizden artyqtyǵy tanylyp qalatyn. Jalpy joldastaryna, sonyń ishinde maǵan, ol eriksiz "Eýropaǵa ashqan tereze" syqyldy boldy", – dep jazady G.I.Potanin.
Munyń ózi Shoqannyń joldastary arasynda bedeli erekshe zor bolyp, onyń biik turǵanyn kórsetedi. Qyraǵy da zeiindi Shoqanǵa sýret salý óneri sol kezdiń ózinde-aq; halyq ómirin beineleýdiń tamasha bir quraly bolyp tabylady. Týǵan jeri Syrymbettiń jazǵy jailaýlar men meken qonystarynyń sýretin salýmen shuǵyldanady. 1847-1852 jyldarda salǵan sýretterin Shoqan "korpýstan elge demalysqa barǵan kezde salǵan sýretter" – dep ataidy. G.N.Potanin: "Kadet korpýsynyń sońǵy kýrstarynda oqyp júrgen kezimizde Shoqan óziniń áńgimelerimen meniń dápterimdi toltyrdy. Biz qazaqtardyń suńqar salyp, saiat qurý saltyn tolyq jazyp aldyq. Shoqan suńqardy qalai baptap kútýdiń ádisin óte jaqsy biletin. Daýylpaz ben suńqardyń t.b. sýretterin salyp, ol meniń jazbamdy tolyqtyra túsetin", – dep jazdy. Munyń ózi Shoqan óneriniń jan-jaqty ekenin, oǵan kýrstastarynyń qyzyǵyp, erekshe qurmetpen qaraǵanyn dáleldei túsedi. Shoqan kadet korpýsynda oqyp júrgende-aq, saiahatshylardyń ómiri men isi týraly jazylǵan eńbekterge asa qyzyǵýshylyqpen qarap, tanysty. Osy eńbekterdiń yqpal áserinen ol saiahatshy bolýdy, Orta Aziiany arlap jan-jaqty tanysýdy armandady. Demek, saiahatshylar ómiri jaily jazylǵan eńbekter bolashaq saiahatshyǵa bastaý kózi bolyp, jol nusqady. Qoǵamdyq, ádebi qyzmeti Shoqan Ýálihanov 1853 jyly kadet korpýsyn bitirip, Ombyda áskeri qyzmetke qalady. Ol Sibir qazaq-orys áskeriniń 6-atty ásker polkyna ofitser bolyp taǵaiyndalady, is júzinde Batys Sibir men Qazaqstannyń Soltústik-Batys aimaǵynyń general-gýbernatory G.X.Gasforttyń adiýtanty qyzmetine belgilenedi.
Sondai-aq, Batys Sibir ólkesiniń Bas basqarmasy oǵan aiyryqsha tapsyrmalardy oryndaityn ofitser retinde qarady. Qyzmeti barysynda Shoqan Ýálihanov patsha ókimetiniń otarshyldyq saiasaty týǵyzǵan ádiletsizdikterdi jete tanyp, qarsy batyl pikirler bildirýge tyrysty. Osy qyzmetterdi atqara júrip, ol Orta Aziia halyqtarynyń tarihyn, etnografiiasy men geografiiasyn zertteýge belsene aralasty. Ombydan ketýdi, óziniń týǵan halqyna paidasy tietin istermen shuǵyldanýdy armandaǵanyn óziniń dostary F.M.Dostoevskiige, Q.Q.Gýtkovskiige jazǵan hattarynan anyq kórýge bolady. 1855 jyly Shoqan Ýálihanov Ombydan Semei, Aiakóz, Qapal arqyly, Ile Alataýynan ótip, Jońǵar qaqpasyna deiin keledi, qaitarda Alakól, Tarbaǵatai jerlerin aralaidy. Ortalyq Qazaqstan-Qarqaraly, Baianaýyl, Kókshetaý arqyly Ombyǵa oralady. Bul saparda ol qazaq halqynyń tarihy men ádet-ǵurpy, dini uǵymdary jaiynda kóptegen materialdar jinaidy. Sonymen birge ózi bolǵan aimaqtardyń tarihy, eski qalalardyń orny, shyń-tastaraǵy jazý, belgilerin, kóne eskertkishter, ańyz-áńgimeler, ertegiler men óleńderdi jazyp alady. Osy materialdardyń negizinde "Táńiri", "Qazaqtardaǵy shamandyqtyń qaldyǵy" siiaqty eńbekter jazady.
1856 jyly Shoqan polkovnik M.M.Homentovskii basqarǵan áskeri-ǵylymi ekspeditsiiaǵa qatysady. Qyrǵyz elin jete zertteýge, Ystyqkól aimaǵynyń kartasyn túsirýge tiis bolǵan bul ekspediiatsiiaǵa qatysý Shoqannyń zertteý jumysyn oidaǵydai júrgizýine múmkindikter týǵyzady. Ystyqkólge, Qytai imperiiasynyń Qulja qalasyna saiahaty jáne 1856-1857 jyldary Jetisý, Tian-Shan saparlarynda P.P.Semenov-Tian-Shanskiimen birge bolýy, Kyrǵyz Alataýyna ekinshi ret saparynyń nátijeleri onyń "Jońǵariia ocherkteri", "Qyrǵyzdar týraly jazbalar", "Ystyq kól saparynyń kúndelikteri", "Qytai imperiiasynyń batys provintsiiasy jáne Qulja qalasy" atty eńbekterin jazýǵa septigin tigizedi. Shoqan tarihi mańyzy bar shyǵarmalarǵa aiyryqsha nazar aýdardy. Máselen, ol qyrǵyz halqynyń "Manas", "Semetei" týraly dastandarynyń biraz taraýyn tuńǵysh orys tiline aýdaryp, oǵan ǵylymi turǵydan tolyq tarihi jáne ádebi taldaýlar jasady.
Birinshi ret baspaǵa usyndy. Kólemi jaǵynan, oqiǵa qurý, adam obrazdaryn beineleý jaǵynan álemdik ádebiettiń ozyq úlgilerimen teńdes, asa qundy týyndy retinde baǵalaǵan. "Manas" – qyrǵyzdardyń eski mifterinen, ańyzdarynan, ertegilerinen jinalyp, bir adam Manastyń tóńireginde toptalǵan entsiklopediia. Bul jaǵynan, ol "Iliada" tárizdi. Bul asa zor epopeiada qyrǵyz halqynyń ómiri, dini dárigerlik uǵymdary sheteldermen qarym-qatynasy túgel qamtylǵan. Ekinshi epos – "Semetei" – "Manastyń" jalǵasy. Bul qyrǵyzdyń "Odisseiasy", – dep kórsetedi Shoqan. Shoqan ádebiet, onyń teoriiasy máseleleri jóninde sol kezdiń ózinde-aq, kóptegen tyń pikirler, tujyrymdar jasap, óz halqynyń tirshiligi men mádeni damýynyń jaǵdailaryna laiyq damytady. Sondai-aq, ár halyqtyń ádebietin onyń qoǵamdyq, áleýmettik ómirimen tyǵyz bailanysta qarastyrady. Qazaq poeziiasynyń halyqtyq sipattary jaily tyń oi-pikir bildiredi. Halyqtyń rýhani serigi bolǵan poeziia týraly ol: "Bul halyqtyń erteden ózine tán turmysynda este qaldyrmaǵan birde-bir mańyzdy oqiǵasy, birde-bir tamasha adamy joq deýge bolady. Olardyń birin sýyrypsalma aqyndar ne jyrshylar jyr etse, ekinshi bireýleriniń atyn keiingi urpaq esterinde umtylmastai etip belgili bir sybyzǵyshy ne qobyzshy mýzykanttar tastap ketken", – dep jazady. Qazaq óleńderiniń halyqtyǵy jaily qundy pikirler bildirýde,
Shoqan halyq ádebietiniń baǵaly nusqalaryn jasaǵan jáne aýyz ádebietiniń tańdaýly úlgilerin jyrlaǵan. Orynbai, Shóje, Janaq, Arystanbai, Qurymbai siiaqty aqyndardyń eńbekterine júginedi, mysaldar keltiredi. Sonymen birge qazaq poeziiasynyń janr, túr, óleń qurylysyn zerttei kele, muny orys ǵalymdaryna tanystyrýdy maqsat tutqan. Ol qazaq, óleńderin: jyr, joqtaý, qara óleń, qaiym óleń, óleń dep beske bóledi. Óleń qurylysyn jyrshylardyń qobyz ne dombyraǵa qosyp aitýyna qarap júielegen. Óleńge, ásirese, sýyryp salma óleńge beiimdilik barlyq kóshpeli elderdiń ózine tán ereksheligi ekenin anyqtaǵan. Qazaq halqynyń aýyz ádebieti muralaryn jinap, zerttei kele Shoqan olardyń slavian halyqtarynyń, ásirese, orystardyń aýyz ádebietimen bailanysyn ashyp dáleldi mysaldar keltiredi. "Jońǵariia ocherkterinde" "Kóp ýaqyttan beri qazaqtyń ertegilerin, mifterin, etnikalyq jyrlary men ańyzdaryn jinaýmen shuǵyldana júrip, men olardyń Eýropa halyqtarynyń, ásirese, slaviandardyń osy tektes shyǵarmalarymen bir saryndastyǵyna qairan qaldym", – dep kórsetedi. Orys-qazaq ertegilerin, maqal-mátelderin salystyra otyryp naqty dáleldeidi. Mysaly: ómir shyndyǵynyń sáikestigi ádebiette de taqyryp, siýjet uqsastyǵyn týǵyzatynyn Shoqan qazaq pen arab poeziiasyn salystyra otyryp, dala ómirin jyrlaǵan eki eldiń poeziiasynyń bir-birine uqsastyǵyn, kóshpeli el turmysy sulý tabiǵat, rýlyq tartys, qaishylyqtardy sýretteýinen anyq kórinetinin aitady. Ásirese, bul halyqtarda óleńdi sýyryp salyp aitý óneriniń ereksheligine nazar aýdarǵan.
Qazaqtyń sheshen bileri jaiynda qundy pikir bildiredi. Sh.Ýálihanovtyń tarih, geografiia, ádebiet salasyndaǵy zertteý eńbekteri Peterbýrg ǵalymdarynyń nazaryna iligip, qundy yqylas-iltipattaryna ie bolady. P.P.Semenov-Tian-Shanskii óziniń Jetisý boiyndaǵy zertteýlerin júrgizgen kezde Shoqan pikirine únemi den qoiyp, aqyldasyp otyrǵan. Ystyqkól saparynda biraz jerlerdi birge aralaǵan. Semenov-Tian-Shanskiidiń usynýymen 1857 jyly 27 aqpanda Shoqan Orys Geografiia qoǵamynyń tolyq músheligine sailanady. Bul orys qoǵamy ziialylarynyń, orys ǵylymynyń jas ǵalym eńbekterin zor baǵalaǵandyǵy, ǵylym men mádenietke qosqan úlesin moiyndaǵandyǵy ekeniniń dáleli. 1858-1859 jyldary Shoqannyń "Jaryq juldyz", "Qashqariia sapary" ony ǵylymi-zertteýshilik, aǵartýshylyq salasynda jańa biikke kóterdi. Ol kezde Qashqariia Resei tarapynan zerttelmegen ólke bolatyn. Eýropa ǵylymy úshin belgisiz, qupiiasy mol el bolatyn. Sebebi, XII ǵasyrdyń sońǵy shireginde Marko Polo, 1603 jyly saiahatshy Gole Qashqariia jerinde bolǵannan keiin, bul ólkege eshkim aiaq baspaǵan Shoqannan bir jyl buryn Qashqariiaǵa Úndistan arqyly barǵan nemistiń belgili geografy Adolf Shlaginveitti jergilikti bileýshiler basyn kestirip óltirtken.
Adolftiń bul qaiǵyly taǵdyry jóninde alǵash málimetti jetkizgen Shoqan boldy. 1870 jyldary Peterbýrgte Shoqannyń "Jonǵariia ocherkteri". "Alty shahardyń nemese Qytaidyń Han-Lý provintsiiasynyń shyǵystaǵy alty qalasynyn jaǵdaiy týraly", "Adolf Shlagintveittiń ólimin ákelgen jaǵdailar týraly málimetter" týraly eńbekteri jariialandy. Qashqarda bolǵan kezinde Shoqan uiǵyr tilin jaqsy meńgeredi. Onyń arhivinde Qashqardaǵy uiǵyr tilinde jazǵan jazbalary da saqtalǵan. Kishi Buqarada jańa uiǵyr tilindegi ádebiettiń edáýir bai aýdarma ádebieti bar. Kishi Buqaranyń ádebieti aýdarmaǵa neǵurlym bai bolǵanymen, ózindik qoltýma shyǵarmalarǵa soǵurlym kedei. Olardyń óz ishterinen shyqqan bir de bir aqyny jáne belgili bir jazýshysy bolǵan emes dep kórsetedi. Qytai tarihynda Hoi-hý, Hoi-hor, Qoi-ǵoi degen atpen belgili bolǵan halqynyń Hoi-hor áýletin bergen jáne keiinnen osy kúngi Shyǵys Túrkistanǵa kelip qonys tepken jat jerlik halyq elge málim. Shyǵys málimetterinde bul halyq uiǵyr dep atalady. Búgingi jeti shahar turǵyndaryn qytailar chaptý dep ataidy. Chaptý túrik tiliniń uiǵyr dep Klaprot (osy tildiń sózdigin quraǵan adam) ataǵan dialektisinde sóileidi. Uiǵyr tilinde mońǵol sózderi kóp kezdesedi. Uiǵyrlar sonaý Shyńǵys han zamanynyń ózinde-aq, musylman dinindegi sol kezde óziniń jazý óneri bar halyq bolǵan. Olardy mońǵoldar saýatty halyq bolǵandyqtan hatshy esebinde is júrgizýshiniń qyzmetterine paidalanǵan. Sondai-aq, Shoqan Uiǵyr degen atymen belgili bolǵan ertedegi monǵol jazýynyń úlgilerin qansha izdegenmen taba almaǵanyn qynjyla jazady.
Bul aimaqtyń ótkeni men sol kezdiń qalpyn jaqsy biletin adamdarymen, ǵalymdarymen, aqyndarymen de kezdesip maǵlumattar jinaǵan, shyǵys qoljazbalarynyń birsypyrasyn qolǵa túsirgen. Taý jynystarynyń kollektsiiasy, gerbarii jasaǵan. Solardyń birinde Mirdjai taýy men Qaraqash ózeni ańǵarynan shyǵatyn nefrit asyl tasynyń teksheleri bolǵan múlde beitanys eldi jan-jaqty sipattaityn, áskeri, saiasi, ekonomikalyq, saýda-sattyq jaǵynan úkimetke de, ǵylymǵa da paidaly bai material men sirek derekterdi jinap, qiynshylyqtar men qaýip-qaterdi kóp kórip, Shoqan kerýenmen 1859 jyly sáýir aiynda elge oralǵan. Qashqariia saparynyń nátijeli jemisi – Sh.Ýálihanovtyń "Alty shahardyń, iaǵni Qytaidyń Nan-Lý provintsiiasynyń shyǵystaǵy alty qalanyń jaiy" atty eńbekterinde jan-jaqty málimdeldi. Qashqariia saparynyń ǵylymi nátijeleri týraly Orys Geografiia qoǵamynda málimdeme jasaǵannan keiin-aq, onyń materialyn Germaniiada nemis tilinde basyp shyǵardy. 1865 jyly Londonda aǵylshyn tilinde jariialandy. Demek, Qashqariia saparyndaǵy aiqyndalǵan málimetter Shoqan Ýálihanovtyń dúniejúzilik geografiia ǵylymyna qosqan mańyzy zor jańalyǵy bolyp esepteledi. Qashqariia ekspeditsiiasy úkimet tarapynan da resmi túrde atalyp ótti. 1860 jylǵy 8 sáýirdegi Úkimet ýkazy boiynsha porýchik sultan Shoqan Ýálihanovqa shtabs rotmistr áskeri ataǵy, 4-dárejeli izgi Vladimir ordeni, 500 som kúmis aqsha berilgen. Shoqannyń usynysy boiynsha, osy ekspeditsiianyń jumysyna qatysy bar 22 adam qosa nagradtalǵan, onyń ishinde kerýen basy Musabai, Semei kópesi Buqash, K.K. Gýtkovskii t.b boldy. Sh.Ýálihanov (1859-61) Peterbýrgte bolǵan jyldary onyń ǵylymi-shyǵarmashylyq qyzmetiniń asa eleýli kezeńi boldy. Máselen, Bas shtabynyń áskeri-ǵylymi komitetiniń tapsyrýy boiynsha, ol Orta Aziia men Qazaqstannyń kartalaryn jasaidy. "Balqash kóli men Alataý jotasy aralyǵynyń kartasy", "Qulja qalasynyń jobasy", "Ystyqkól ekspeditsiiasynyń qorytyndysyna qosymsha karta", "Qytai imperiiasy batys ólkesiniń kartasy" t.b. daiyndalady.
Munyń ózi Sh.Ýálihanovtyń geografiia, kartografiia salalaryna qosqan úlesi zor ekenin kórsetedi. Sondai-aq, Shoqan Geografiia quramynda belgili nemis ǵalymy Karl Ritterdiń eńbekterin baspaǵa ázirlesedi, syrtqy ister ministrligin Aziia departamenti janyndaǵy Joǵary mektepte, Geografiia qoǵamynda IPyǵys Túrkistan, Qyrǵyzstan týraly lektsiia oqidy, ýniversitettiń tarih-filosofiia fakýltetinde lektsiialarǵa qatysyp otyrady. Munyń ózi Shoqan boiyndaǵy ǵylymǵa degen erekshe ynta-yqylasty, qajymas qairatty tanytady. Shoqannyń Peterbýrgke barǵan kezi 1861 jylǵy basybailylyq tártipti joiý jónindegi reformanyń qarsańy edi. Sharýlardy patshaǵa qarsy úndegen, qoǵamdy synaǵan t.b. Chernyshevskii, Dobroliýbov, Nekrasov siiaqty aldyńǵy qatarly aqyn-jazýshylardyń "Sovremennik" jýrnalynda jariialanǵan maqalalary Shoqanǵa qatty áser etip, saiasi áleýmettik kózqarasynyń qalyptasýyna negiz boldy. Peterbýrgte Shoqan dostary P.P.Semenov-Tian-Shanskii men F.M. Dostoevskiidi kezdestiredi, kórnekti orys ǵalymdary A.I. Beketovpen, shyǵys zertteýshileri: F.R. Oten-Sakenmen, I.I. Zaharovpen, E. Kavalevskiimen, aqyndar A. Manasov Q. Kýrachkin, Ia. Polonskiimen tanysyp, aralasady. Bulardyń bári onyń ideialyq jaǵynan kóp tolyp ósýine birden-bir sebep bolǵanyn kóremiz. Reseidiń áleýmettik ómirindegi ózgerister, orystyń revoliýtsiiashyl demokrattarynyń pikirleri onyń demokrattyq kózqarasyn tereńdete túsedi. Qazaq halqynyń, ásirese, onyń tómengi tobynyń aýyr hali men onyń jaǵdailaryna jan ashyrlyqpen qarap, túsinip kóre bildi. 1861 jyldyń kókteminde densaýlyǵy tómendeýine bailanysty týǵan eline oraldy. Ol qazaq halqynyń tynys-tirshiligin jaqsartyp, kómektesýdi oilap, ádilettilikti jaqtap, halyqtyń muń-muqtajyn túsine bilý maqsatymen Atbasar ýezine aǵa sultan bolýdy da oilady. Sailaýǵa qatysyp, kópshilik daýys alǵanymen, Sibir ákimshiligi ony aǵa sultandyqqa bekitpedi.
Sebebi, demokrattyq baǵyttaǵy ozyq oily zertteýshi ǵylym bileýshi top úshin qaýipti adamdardyń biri edi. 1862 jyly Potaninge joldaǵan hatynda: "Mundaǵy maqsatym – ózi halqymdy ákimder men zorlyqshyl bai qazaqtardan qorǵaý edi", – dep ashyq jazdy. Al, A.G.Maikovqa jazǵan hatynda Shoqan bul pikirin tereńdete túsip: "Jergilikti sultandarmen jáne qara súiek qazaqtardan shyqqan bailarmen qazir arazbyn", – deidi ol, – men olarǵa jalshylardy jaqsy ustańdar, eńbek aqysyn durys tóleńder degendi talai ret talap ettim. Men dalanyń proletariatymen jaqsy dospyn, óitkeni bir-birimizdi jaqsy uǵamyz". 1863-64 jyldary Shoqan Ombyǵa baryp, Sibir qazaqtary úshin jasalyp jatqan sot reformasyn daiyndaý isine qatysyp, bul reformanyń elge tiimdi, paidaly bolý jaǵynan qarastyrady. Osy kezde Shoqan "Sot reformasy týraly jazbalar" atty óziniń ataqty eńbegin jazdy. Onyń: Bizdiń zamanymyz halyqtyń naǵyz muń-muqtajyna tikelei qatysy bar, halyqqa eń mańyzdy, eń kerekti reforma – ekonomikalyq jáne áleýmettik reforma. Al saiasi reforma sol ekonomikalyq reformalardy júzege asyrýdyń quraly esebinde júrgizilmek, óitkeni árbir adam jáne búkil adam balasy óziniń órleý jolynda túpkilikti bir maqsatqa umtylady. Ol maqsat – óziniń turmysyn jaqsartý. Progress degenimizdiń negiziniń ózi – biz osy turǵydan alyp qarasaq, adamnyń turmysyn jaqsartýǵa jaǵdai týǵyzatyn reformalar ǵana kerekti de, al osy maqsatqa qandai bolsa da kedergi keltiretin reformalar bolsa, ondailar halyqqa ziiandy, kereksiz reforma bolyp tabylady" – dep jazdy. Bul pikirdiń bizdiń zamanymyzdyń búgini men erteńi úshinde qashanda qundy, baǵaly bolyp qala beretinine daý joq. Sol kezdiń ózinde Shoqannyń milliondaǵan halyq taǵdyryna erekshe janashyrlyqpen qarap, máseleniń durys sheshilýin armandaǵanyn kórsetedi. "Bizge, qazaqtarǵa, oblystyq bastyqtar ústirt qaraýdy ádetke ainaldyrǵan", – dep kórsete kelip, Shoqan reforma máselesine asa zor jaýapkershilikpen qarap, buǵan qarapaiym (dáýletsiz) qazaqtardy qeńinen qatystyryp, olardyń pikirlerimen sanasý kerek ekendigin, reformany aqsúiekter emes, qalyń buqaranyń tilek-múddesine sai júrgizý kerektigin talap etedi. Bul eńbeginde Shoqannyń qazaq qoǵamynyń ekonomikalyq, saiasi, rýhani jaǵdailary jáne qazaq halqynyń bolashaq damý negizderi men joldaryna tereń taldaýlar bere otyryp, eń bastysy óz halqynyń bolashaǵyna úlken senimmen qaraǵanyn kóremiz. 1864 jyly naýryz aiynda Sh.Ýálihanov Ońtústik Qazaqstandy Reseige qosý jónindegi polkovnik M.T.Cherniaevtiń áskeri ekspeditsiiasyna shaqyrylady.
Biraq, jergilikti halyqtarǵa Cherniaevtiń, onyń áskeri qyzmetkerleriniń kórsetken ozbyrlyǵy men qataldyǵyna narazy bolyp, bólinip ketedi. Vernyi (qazirgi Almaty 1 qalasyna kelip, Alban rýynyń aǵa sultany Tezek tóreniń aýylyna toqtaidy. Munda da jergilikti turǵyndardyń hal-jaǵdailarymen tanysyp, ańyz-áńgime, ertegi-jyrlar jinap, zertteýshilik jumystarymen shuǵyldanady. Sol kezdegi Batys Qytaidaǵy qoǵamdyq-saiasi jaǵdaidyń shilenesýine bailanysty bolǵan dúngender kóterilisine kóńil bóledi. Jumys babymen Qapalǵa oqta-tekte kelip júgen bir saparynda Sh.Ýálihanov áskeri gazetine Quljadaǵy jaǵdai, dúngen qozǵalystaryna bailanysty maqala jariialaidy. Demek, qai ýaqytta bolmasyn el ishindegi jaǵdailarǵa erekshe mán berip otyrǵanyn kóremiz. Ol óziniń qysqa ǵumyrynda qoǵamdyq ǵylymdardyń alýan salasynda, tarih, geografiia, etnografiia, ekonomika filologiiada, ónertanýda – kóptegen qundy eńbekter qaldyrdy. Sondai-aq, Ortalyq Aziianyń túrki tildes halyqtarynyń, qazaqtyń, qyrǵyzdyń, ózbektiń, uiǵyrdyń, túrkimenniń tarihy men sol kezdegi áleýmettik jaǵdaiy, tili men ádebietin saralap tereń zertteýimen shyǵystyń ǵylymyna zor úles qosty. "Qazaqtyń shejiresi", "Jońǵarlar ocherkteri", "Qazaqtar týraly jazbalar", "Abylai", "Kóne zamandaǵy qazaqtyń qarý-jaraq, saýyt-saimandary", "Dalalyq musylmandyq", "Qazaqtaǵy shaman dininiń qaldyqtary", "Qazaqtyń kóshi-qony", "Ońtústik Sibir taipalarynyń tarihy týraly pikirler", "Ystyqkól kúndelikteri" t.b. eńbekterinde Orta Aziiadaǵy túrik halyqtarynyń kóptegen keleli máselelerine ǵylymi turǵydan jan-jaqty zertteýler júrgizip, taldaýlar jasady. Bul eńbekterdiń keiingi zerteýshiler úshin ǵylymi máni joǵary boldy. Shoqan óziniń jan-jaqty mol biliminiń arqasynda zertteýlerdi kompleksti túrde júrgizip, tarihshy, geograf, etnograf, pýblitsist, ádebietshi, jazýshy bolyp qatarlastyra alyp otyrǵanyn anyq baiqaýǵa bolady. XIX ǵ. orta sheninde iri ǵalymdardyń biri P.I.Nebelson Shoqan týraly: "Peterbýrgte qyrǵyzdar sirek kezdesedi, bes-alty adam jinala qoiar ma eken? Solardyń ishinde ómirde men barmyn dep erekshelenbeitin bir ǵana adam bar. Ol óte jas, kavaleriia ofitseri, sultan Shoqan Shyńǵysuly Ýálihanov", – dep jazsa, Platnikov: "Men Ýálihanovpen Peterbýrgte óte jaqyn tanystym jáne birneshe kesh birge bolyp kóńildi ótkizdim, onyń qabilettiligine Muhamed-Ǵani Babajanov, biz Nebelson ekeýimiz de teń kelmespiz", – degen pikirleri Shoqan biliminiń jan-jaqtylyǵyn, tereńdigin dáleldei túseri haq. Shoqannan qalǵan asyl muralardyń biri – beineleý óneri salasyndaǵy eńbekteri onyń qazaqtyń tuńǵysh professional sýretshisi ekenin tanytady. Sýret ónerin jas kezinen-aq jaqsy kórgen. Ol portret, tabiǵat kórinisi, peizaj, halyqtyń turmys-saltyn beineleý janrymen ainalysqan. Sýretteriniń birazy 1860 jyldardyń basynda "Vsemirnaia illiýstratsiia", "Sakra", "Rýsskii hýdojestvennyi list" jýrnaldarynda, "Orys geografiia qoǵamynyń habarshysynda" jariialanǵan. Sh.Ýálihanovtyń kóp salaly ár qyrly bai murasy onyń dúnietanymy, qoǵamdyq filosofiialyq, aǵartýshylyq, demokrattyq kózqarastary óz zamanynyń biik deńgeiinde bolǵanyn aiqyndaidy. Shoqan Ýálihanov 1865 jyly sáýir aiynda qaitys boldy. Altynemel taýynyń baýraiyndaǵy Kóshentoǵan degen jerge qoiylady. Qazirgi Almaty oblysy Shoqan atyndaǵy sharýashylyqta "Altynemel" memorialdyq kompleksi bar. Shoqan qazasy qazaq eli úshin jáne onyń orys dostaryna asa aýyr tidi. Orystyń geografiialyq qoǵamy basyp shyǵarǵan (1904) Shoqan shyǵarmalaryna jazǵan alǵy sózinde akademik I.I.Veselovskii: "Shoqan Ýálihanov shyǵystaný álemine quiryqty juldyzdai jarq etip shyǵa kelgende, orystyń Shyǵysty zertteýshi ǵalymdary ony erekshe qubylys dep túgel moiyndap, túrki halyqtarynyń taǵdyry týraly odan mańyzy zor, uly jańalyqtar ashýdy kútken edi. Biraq Shoqannyń mezgilsiz ólimi bizdiń bul úmitimizdi úzip ketti", – dep jazdy. Shyǵysty zertteýshi áigili ǵalym E.I.Kovalevskii Shoqandy "Asqan danyshpan jas jigit", "Tamasha ǵalym", "Qazaq halqynyń eń jaqsy dosy ári orystyń memlekettik múddesin qadir tutýshy" dep atady. G.I.Potanin: "Shoqan qazaq ishinen oqyrman qaýymyn tapqan bolsa, ol óz halqynyń shyn mánindegi asqan danyshpany bolar edi", – deidi.
Orystyń geografiialyq qoǵamy Shoqan ólimi týraly habarynda: "Naǵyz, shyn ádildigin aitqanda Ýálihanovty úzdik adam dep aitýǵa bolady. Ýálihanov óz eline shyn berilgendigin, ony tereń súietindigin, qazaqtyń turmysyn jaqsy kórýshiligin saqtai alýmen qatar, Batystyń mádenietin de joǵary baǵalady", – dep jazdy. Mundai jyly lebizderdiń qaisysy bolmasyn Shoqan eńbeginiń ádil de joǵary baǵasyn alǵandyǵynyń aiǵaǵy edi. Shoqan jaiynda: G.I.Potanin, N.M.Iadrintsev, P.P.Semenov-Tian-Shanskii, I.I.Berezin, I.I.Ibragimov, t.b. estelikter men maqalalar jariialady. Shoqan Ýálihanovtyń demokrattyq, gýmanistik oi-pikirleriniń tolysýyna Ombyǵa jer aýyp kelgen orys oishyldary men jazýshylary kóp áser etkenin kóremiz. Shoqan ulylyǵyn tanytatyn, ony biiktete túsetin naqty málimetterdiń biri – ózi erekshe súiip baǵalaǵan dostarymen jazysqan hattary. Osy hattardyń árqaisysynda Shoqannyń azamattyq beinesi erekshe tanyla túsedi.
Óz halqynyń adal perzenti ekenine kóz jetkizemiz. Zertteý eńbekteriniń mańyzy men máni ashyla túsedi, búkil dúniejúzilik geografiia ǵylymyna qosqan zor tabys, jańalyq retinde baǵalanady. Sh.Ýálihanovtyń hattary. Shoqan Shyńǵysuly men Fedor Mihailovich Dostoevskiidiń dostyǵy ekeýiniń Ombyda, Semei men Peterbýrgte birge bolǵan kezderinde bir úzilmeidi, keiingi alty jyl ishinde (1856-1862) bul dostyq hat arqyly nyǵaia týskenin kóremiz. Máselen, Semeiden ketip bara jatyp, Ýálihanov Dostoevskiige bylai dep jazady: ...Sizben birge Semeide ótkizgen azǵana kún maǵan sondai tamasha áser etti. Endigi meniń bir oiym sizben taǵy da bir kezdesý. Men adamnyń názik sezimderi men aq nieti týraly jazýǵa sheber emespin. Meniń Sizge qandai berilgendigimdi jáne sizdi qandai jaqsy kóretinimdi, árine, ózińiz de bilesiz". Bul hatqa D.M.Dostoevskii óziniń shyn júreginen shyqqan jyly sózdermen bylai dep jaýap qaiyrdy: "Meiirman dostym! Siz meni jaqsy kóremin dep jazypsyz. Al men sizge qysylmai-aq týra aitaiyn. Men sizge ǵashyq bolyp qaldym. Men esh ýaqytta da, eshkimge de tipti týǵan inime de, tap sizge kóńilim túskendei qushtarlyqty sezgen emespin. Buǵan talai dálel keltirýge bolar edi, biraq sizdi nesine maqtai berem. Al endi siz meniń aq nietime dálelsiz-aq senetin shyǵarsyz deimin. Dostoevskii óziniń hattarynda Shoqanǵa paidaly keńes berip, rýhyn kóterip, onyń aldyna asa zor igi mindetter qoiǵanyn kóremiz. Endi bir hatynda: Qolǵa alǵan isińizdi tastai kórmeńiz – sizdiń materialdaryńyz óte kóp. Sahara týraly maqala jazyńyz. Ony Rossiia halqyna túsindirýdiń ózi uly maqsat, qasietti is emes pe. Evropasha bilim alǵan tuńǵysh qazaq ekenińizdi esińizge tolyq alyńyz.Tek osy oqiǵanyń bir ózi ǵana ǵajaiyp nárse jáne ony uǵýdyń ózi sizge kóp mindetter júkteidi. Onyń ústine taǵdyr Sizdi taza jandy, adal júrekti, abzal adam ǵyp jaratqan. Artta qalýǵa bolmaidy, joq bolmaidy..., dep jazady. Mundai janashyrlyq jalyndy sózderinde Dostoevskii Shoqanǵa shyn júrekten aqyl-keńesin bildirip, ony belsendi is, batyl áreketke rýhtandyra túsedi. F.M.Dostoevskii Shoqan Ýálihanovty erekshe qadirlei, baǵalai bildi. Odan alǵan zattarynyń bárin ol eń qymbat estelik retinde saqtaidy. 1866 j. Shoqan marqum bolǵannan keiin Dostoevskii óziniń áieli A.G.Dostoevskaiaǵa "myna úlken aǵash sandyqty kórdiń be? Bul meniń Sibirlik dosym Shoqan Ýálihanovtyń syilyǵy. Sondyqtan da ol maǵan qymbat. Sondyqtan men óz qoljazbalarymdy, hattarym men asa qymbatty estelikterimdi osynda saqtaimyn" – degen sózderiniń ózi Shoqanǵa degen ystyq yqylasyn anyq baiqatady.
A.N.Maikovqa jazǵan hatynda Shoqan: "Meniń týysqandarym ulttyq ta, taptyq ta eskiliktiń shyrmaýynda. Ásirese, bir bet dańqqumarlyǵy birden kózge shalynady. Osyǵan qarap-aq, olardyń ózderin ózderi joǵary baǵalaityny, aqyl-estimiz dep túsinetini óz-ózimen túsinikti bolar. Demek olarǵa aitylǵan aqyl-keńes namysyna tiip, burynǵydan da kóri asqynta túseri túsinikti. Kóppen jalǵyz alysýǵa shama kelmesin túsindim, shyndyq qansha qasietti bolǵanymen, adasqannyń aldy jón bola beredi eken, ásirese, ýaqyt solai etip tursa amal joq, – dep aǵynan jarylyp, ózindik pikir, kózqarasyn bildiredi. Shoqan Ýáliqanovtyń orystyń kórnekti jazýshylarymen, ǵalymdarymen t.b. jazysqan hattary qazaq ádebietiniń tarihy úshin erekshe mańyzdy. Onyń hattary men kúndelikterinen pýblitsistikalyq daryny aiqyn ańǵarylady.
