Erjan Malǵajyulynyń Qazaqstan musylmandary dini basqarmasynyń basshysy, bas imam (múfti) bolyp taǵaiyndalǵanyna eki jyl ótti. Múftilik qyzmetti qolyna alǵan tusta barsha jurtshylyq bul kisiniń kim ekenin, qaidan kelgenin, qaida oqyǵanyn bilmei, ártúrli áńgimeniń basyn qaiyrdy. Buǵan sebep – elimizdegi dini ahýaldyń jyl ótken saiyn kúrdelene túsýi edi. Ortalyq Aziiada dini turaqsyzdyq qylań berip, elimizde de birneshe oqiǵalar tirkelip úlgirgen.
Toqtaráli TAŃJARYQ
Zaiyrly el: erkindik kimniń qolynda?
Qazaqstan musylmandary dini basqarmasy – memlekettik emes uiym. Qolynda naqty tetigi joq, quzireti shekteýli. Áitkenmen, tutas qoǵamdaǵy eń ózekti salanyń birin osy uiym atqaryp otyr.
Táýelsizdiktiń alǵashqy jyldary Islam dinine degen qyzyǵýshylyq halyq arasynda erekshe sipatqa ie boldy. Dinsiz qoǵamnan qutylǵanyna qýanǵan halyq ata dinin jatsynbai, quran oqyǵannyń bárin molda, shariǵat aitqannyń bárin imam sanady. Memlekettik saiasat dini kózqaras pen ustanymǵa erkindik berip, ártúrli dini toptardyń elimizge kelýine kedergi jasamai, olardyń is-qimylyna shekteý qoimai, múmkindiginshe zaiyrlylyqty ustandy.
«Dinniń saiasattan bólek» bolýyna basa mán berilgendikten, esik-terezesi ashyq qoǵamǵa antalaǵan dini toptar japa-tarmaǵai endi. Dini ekspansiianyń jetpis túrli jolyn jetik meńgergen ózge dini aǵymdar da ańǵal qazaqty óz joldaryna tartýyn kúsheitip, elimizde meshitpen qatar, shirkeýler, puthanalar, patsha sarailary, sinagogalar, bizge beitanys ǵibadathanalar kún sanap kóbeiip jatty.
Sonaý 2000 jyldary jarty million qazaq ózge dinge ótip ketti degen sóz el arasyn qaýlap, kezip júrdi. Etek-jeńin endi jiǵan biliktegiler «zaiyrlylyqtyń da shegi bolaryn» kesh túsinip, dini ahýaldy retteý úshin túrli zańnamalar bekitti. Bul kezde demokratiialyq qundylyqtardy óz yńǵaiyna orailastyryp úirengen aǵymdardyń birazy shý shyǵaryp, halyqaralyq uiymdarǵa aryzdanyp, ózderiniń dini erkindigine qol suǵý bastalǵanyn málimdep, ártúrli aiqai-shý týdyrǵany jadymyzda. Olardyń birazyn jónge salyp, keibirin elden qýǵanymen, áli de bolsa tamyr jaiyp, ornyǵyp úlgirgenderi qanshama?!
Búgingi tańda ǵalamtordyń múmkindigin paidalanyp, sonaý shetelde jatyp-aq óz ýaǵyzyn júrgizip, sońynan adam ertip otyrǵan toptar kóp. Olardy shekteý, aqparatyna tosqaýyl qoiý QMDB-nyń emes, memlekettiń jumysy. Bir saitty japsańyz, kúni erteń on sait ashyp, jumysyn jalǵastyra beredi. Sol úshin olarmen básekelese alatyn ózimizdiń elishilik dini saittar, aqparat quraldary kóp bolǵany jáne barynsha saýatty, sabyrly bolǵany lázim.
Al 2003-04 jyldary qazaqtardyń ózge dinge ótýi týraly aqparattan góri, Islamnyń óz ishindegi aitys-tartys baspasóz betterinde beleń ala bastady. Endi úrdis keri ainaldy. Kún sanap, ai sanap daý-damai órshigeni sondai, jat aǵymnyń yqpalyna tústi, terrorlyq áreket jasamaq boldy, dini alaýyzdyq týdyrdy degen aiyppen top-top jamaǵattar qamala bastady.
Aqparattardyń deregine júginseńiz, elimizde ózge dinniń jetegine erdi dep sottalǵandar tym az da, Islam dininiń ózge tarmaǵyna endi dep qamalǵandardyń sany edáýir mol. Sonda erkindik kimderge berildi, budan kim utty degen zańdy suraq týady.
Musylman musylmanǵa baýyr ma?
Joǵaryda aitqanymyzdai, ózge dinge qansha qazaq ótip, qansha musylman teris jolda júrgenin bir Qudaidyń ózi biledi. Zańdy qataitqan da jón, biraq zaiyrlylyqty qaitpekpiz? «Musylman musylmanǵa baýyr» printsipin nege umytyp baramyz? Nege bir musylman sottalsa, ózge bir musylman qýanady? Nege ekeýi de musylman bola tura, birin biri ólerdei jek kóredi? Nege qazaqtar bir dinniń ókili bola tura, ózindei bir baýyrynyń qamalǵanyn, basynyń daýǵa qalǵanyn qalaidy? Nege ózge dinge ótip ketken qazaqtardyń máselesi jabyq taqyrypqa ainalyp, óz dinimizde júrgenderdiń basy daý-damaidan arylmaidy? Qazir ózin ultshyl sanaityn ár qazaqtyń kókireginde osy suraqtar tur.
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Dini ahýaldyń munshalyqty kúrdelenýi 1990 jyldardaǵy bos saiasat pen zańymyzdyń solqyldaqtyǵynyń kesiri desek te, «eshten kesh jaqsy» - quziretine 2000-nan astam meshit qaraityn dini basqarmanyń qolynda áli de kóp múmkindik bar.
Musylman musylmanǵa baýyr.
Qazaq qazaqqa baýyr.
QMDB-ǵa Erjan Malǵajyuly kelgeli beri basqarmanyń jumysy shirap, saýatty imamdardyń qatary kóbeiip, tártip pen talap kúsheigenin baiqap júrmiz. Eń bastysy, dini sarapshylardyń qatary óz ultymyzdan shyǵýy kerek. Erjan qajynyń islam dini teologtarynyń qataryn kóbeitýge qaýqary erkin jetedi. Óitkeni...
Maiamerov kim?
Qaitalai aitalyq, qazirgi qazaq qoǵamy san taraý dini toptarǵa bólingen: biri shiittik, biri súnnittik, endi biri ata-babamyz atyn estimegen aǵymdardyń sońynda júr. Olardyń basyn biriktirý, ózara raqailasyp ómir súrýge shaqyrý kez kelgen basshynyń qolynan kele bermeidi. Ol úshin eń áýeli uiym basshysynyń ózi bilimdi bolýy kerek.
Zańdy qataitqan da jón, biraq zaiyrlylyqty qaitpekpiz? «Musylman musylmanǵa baýyr» printsipin nege umytyp baramyz? Nege bir musylman sottalsa, ózge bir musylman qýanady? Nege ekeýi de musylman bola tura, birin biri ólerdei jek kóredi? Nege qazaqtar bir dinniń ókili bola tura, ózindei bir baýyrynyń qamalǵanyn, basynyń daýǵa qalǵanyn qalaidy? Nege ózge dinge ótip ketken qazaqtardyń máselesi jabyq taqyrypqa ainalyp, óz dinimizde júrgenderdiń basy daý-damaidan arylmaidy? Qazir ózin ultshyl sanaityn ár qazaqtyń kókireginde osy suraqtar tur.
Erjan Malǵajyuly Maiamerov múfti bolyp sailanǵanda jurt «bul kim?» desti. Ómirbaianyna qysqasha toqtala ketý artyqtyq etpes. 1972 jyly qazirgi Shyǵys Qazaqstan oblysynda ustardar otbasynda dúniege kelgen. Ata-anasy elge syily muǵalimder edi. Balasynyń sabaq úlgerimi, tártibi, tazalyqqa qushtarlyǵy kóz súiindiretin. Ájesi bala Erjanǵa únemi dini áńgimeler, qissa-dastandar oqyp beretin. Maqanshy aýdanyndaǵy Ǵani Muratbaev atyndaǵy orta mektepti 1990 jyly bitirip, áskeri boryshyn óteýge attanady. 1993 jyly áskerden oralǵan soń Mysyrdaǵy Ál-Azhar Islam ýniversitetiniń shariǵat jáne zań fakýltetine oqýǵa qabyldanady. Bul oqý ornyn 2006 jyly támamdaidy. Demek, 13 jyl boiy dini oqýdy tapjylmai oqyp, Islam dininiń túp bastaýyn – negizgi qaǵidattary men tarihyn tereń zerdelegen jan. Buǵan 2006-2008 jyldary Mysyr múftiiatynyń pátýa shyǵarý bóliminde bilimin jetildirgenin qosyńyz. Sondyqtan, Malǵajyuly budan burynǵy eki múftige qaraǵanda saýatty. Bas múftidiń sabyrlylyǵy men salqynqandylyǵy da jurtty tánti etetindei.
Shynyn aitalyq, sońǵy birer jyldan beri dini toptar arasyndaǵy aitys-tartys kúsheigenimen, QMDB-nyń jumys isteý tártibi ózgerip, belsendiligi arta túskeni baiqalady. Ásirese, halyqpen jumys isteý jetildirilip, ýaǵyz ben dini túsindirý baǵyty burynǵydan góri ońtaily joldy tańdady. Degenmen, áli de qolǵa alar sharýa shash-etekten ǵoi dep oilaimyz.
Búginginiń imamy
Jýyrda Astana qalasynda alǵash ret respýblikalyq imamdar forýmy ótti. Sol forýmda Qazaqstan musylmandarynyń tuǵyrnamasy bekitilip, tálimdik qujat jasalyp, teris aǵymdarǵa toitarys berýdiń joldary anyqtalǵan. Bul – ózge dinge, ózge aǵymǵa jappai qarsy shyǵý emes, dini tózimdilik pen dástúrdi saqtai otyryp, ózara suhbatty jandandyrý, kelisim men shynaiy pikirlesýdi qalyptastyrý, sol arqyly jurtshylyqtyń dini saýatyn kóterý ekeni baspasózde aityldy.
Iia, qazir bos sóz, qur aiqaimen eshteńeni ózgerte almaisyz. Dindi aityspen, daýmen sheshý múmkin emes. Eń bastysy, búginginiń imamy qalai bolýy kerek? Qandai bolýy kerek? Onyń dindi úgitteý, túsindirý metodikasyn qalai jetildirgen durys?
Osy suraqtardyń basyn ashyp, naqty ereje qabyldanǵanyna qýandyq. Múfti Maiamerov qolǵa alǵan bastamany tek QMDB-nyń sharýasy demei, barsha jamaǵat qoldaǵany, imamdarǵa tirek bolǵany, olardyń Allanyń razylyǵy úshin atqaryp jatqan isterine kómektesip, aqparat quraldary arqyly nasihattaǵany aýadai qajet.
Mynandai bir piǵyl bar: qazaqtardyń ózderi jazǵan dini tanymdyq, túsindirmelik dúnielerge sengimiz kelmeidi, kerisinshe, sheteldik bir ǵalymnyń (meili, ol kim bolsa da) jazǵanyna áýestenemiz de turamyz. Halyqtyń boiyndaǵy bul tosqaýyldy buzý úshin ózimizdiń dintanýshylarymyz jazǵan kitaptar neǵurlym kóp taralymmen taraýy tiis.
Búgingi tańda ǵalamtordyń múmkindigin paidalanyp, sonaý shetelde jatyp-aq óz ýaǵyzyn júrgizip, sońynan adam ertip otyrǵan toptar kóp. Olardy shekteý, aqparatyna tosqaýyl qoiý QMDB-nyń emes, memlekettiń jumysy. Bir saitty japsańyz, kúni erteń on sait ashyp, jumysyn jalǵastyra beredi. Sol úshin olarmen básekelese alatyn ózimizdiń elishilik dini saittar, aqparat quraldary kóp bolǵany jáne barynsha saýatty, sabyrly bolǵany lázim. Imamdar forýmynda qoiylǵan negizgi talap – imamdardyń ǵalamtordy jetik meńgerip, ýaǵyz-nasihatty kúsheitýleri kerek degen ustanym. Muny tek sol forým aiasynda qaldyrmai, is júzinde iske asyrsa, qaneki. Biz birneshe oblystyq meshitterdiń saittaryna kirip kórdik. Áli de bolsa sait degen aty bar bolǵanymen, mazmundyq jaǵynan olqy, taqyryptyq aýqymdylyǵy tar ekenin baiqadyq. Mundai olqylyqtyń aldyn alý qajettigin basa aitqymyz keledi.
Dini teologtar kóbeise...
Maqalanyń basynda aitqanymyzdai, 90 jyldary dini kitaptardyń ózi tapshy boldy. Din týraly jazylǵan dúnieniń bárin talǵamai-tarazylamai oqi berdi halyq. Sonyń saldaryn endi kórip otyrmyz. Oiyna belgili bir aǵymnyń ideiasy sińgen halyq ekinshi bir taraptyń pikirin, túsindirmesin ashyp qaraǵysy joq.
Mynandai bir piǵyl bar: qazaqtardyń ózderi jazǵan dini tanymdyq, túsindirmelik dúnielerge sengimiz kelmeidi, kerisinshe, sheteldik bir ǵalymnyń (meili, ol kim bolsa da) jazǵanyna áýestenemiz de turamyz. Halyqtyń boiyndaǵy bul tosqaýyldy buzý úshin ózimizdiń dintanýshylarymyz jazǵan kitaptar neǵurlym kóp taralymmen taraýy tiis. Jáne dini kitaptardy súzgiden ótkizý mehanizmin de jetildire túsken abzal. Qazir saýsaqpen sanarlyq dintanýshymyz bar. Al olardyń bilim deńgeii, ustanymy men pikiri týraly biz eshteńe aita almaimyz. Sebebi, bilmeimiz. Bálkim, QMDB dini teologtardy daiarlaityn ortalyq ashyp, múmkindiginshe salany jetik meńgergen mamandardyń sanyn arttyrýǵa qam-qareket etýi tiis shyǵar.
Aitpaqshy, joǵary oqý oryndarynda «Dintaný» mamandyǵy bar. Sol mamandyqta ózi kimder oqyp júr? Olar qaida jumys isteýde? Naqty qandai mamandar shyqty? Dintanýǵa kim kóringen emes, osy salaǵa yntyq jastar barsa, mamandar tapshylyǵy azaiar edi. Qoǵam úshin asa qajetti mamandyqty daiarlaý úshin Bilim jáne ǵylym ministrligi QMDB-men bailanys ornatyp, dinge jaqyn, tanymy tereń, dástúrli otbasynan shyqqan jastardy osy mamandyqqa tartýǵa zer salsa, nur ústine nur bolar edi. «Dintanýshy» degen diplomnan góri, shynaiy dintanýshy asa qajet ekenin Din isteri komiteti de túsiner degen oidamyz.
