Ońtústik óńirge Sýdan shóbi men Afrika tarysyn ósirýdiń mańyzy
Arnaiy júrgizilgen zertteýler nátijesi kórsetkendei, daqyldardy ósirý tehnologiiasyn qatań saqtaǵan jaǵdaida Sýdan shóbiniń jasyl salmaǵynyń ónimdiligi gektaryna 40 tonnaǵa jetse, afrikalyq tarynyń jasyl salmaǵynyń ónimdiligi 40 tonnaǵa deiin, al dán ónimdiligin sáikesinshe gektaryna 1,7 jáne 2,2 tonnaǵa deiin jetkizýge bolady eken.
Atalǵan daqyldy elimizde ósirý úshin jyl saiynǵy daqyldyń ekstremaldy agroekologiialyq jaǵdaiǵa qalyptasýyna orai aldaǵy ýaqytta sharýalar Sýdan shópteri men afrikalyq tary daqyldaryn barynsha óndiriske engizý kerek.
Klimattyń ózgerýi, topyraq pen tabiǵi resýrstardyń tozýy, shóleittený, sý tapshylyǵy jáne jii qurǵaqshylyq, energetikalyq shikizattyń tabiǵi qorynyń azaiýy álemdik deńgeide de, ulttyq deńgeide de azyq-túlik qaýipsizdigine qaýip-qater tóndirip otyr.
Qazaqstannyń klimatynyń temperatýrasy jyldan jylǵa joǵarylap barady, iaǵni 1961-1990 jyldar aralyǵynda ortasha uzaq merzimdi aýa temperatýrasyn 1991-2020 jyldar aralyǵyndaǵy jaǵdaimen salystyrǵanda el aýmaǵynda ortasha jyldyq temperatýranyń ortasha kórsetkishi 0,9 gradýsqa ulǵaiǵanyn kórsetedi.
BUU Damý Baǵdarlamasy 2020-2039 jyldar aralyǵyndaǵy Qazaqstandaǵy klimattyń ózgerýi jaiyndaǵy boljamdaryna sáikes, temperatýranyń jyl saiynǵy 1,7-1,9 gradýsqa, al 2040-2059 jyldar aralyǵynda jyl saiyn 2,4-3,1 gradýsqa kóteriledi dep boljaýda.
Jahandyq klimattyń ózgerýi, topyraq pen tabiǵi resýrstardyń tozýy, shóleittený, sý jetispeýshiligi men qurǵaqshylyq, tabiǵi energiia qorlarynyń qysqarýy Qazaqstannyń azyq-túlik jáne energetikalyq qaýipsizdigine qaýip tóndiredi.
Qurǵaqshylyqqa óte tózimdi, ónimdiligi joǵary, elimizdiń barlyq aýmaǵynda ósetin daqyldardy ósirý máselelerdin sheshýdiń eń tiimdi joly bolyp tabylady.
Osylaisha, Ortalyq Aziiada Sýdan shóbi men Afrika tarysy syndy qurǵaqshylyqqa tózimdi joǵary ónimdi daqyldardy sharýashylyqtarǵa engizip, klimattyń jahandyq ózgerýiniń saldaryn sheshýge múmkindik beredi. Sýdan shóbi men Afrika tarysy tropikalyq aimaqtarda ósetin, qurǵaqshylyqqa jáne ystyqqa tózimdi ósimdik.
Bul baǵyttaǵy zertteý jumystary QR AShM-niń 267 biýdjettik baǵdarlamasy boiynsha, VR10764908 «Qazaqstan óńirleri úshin ósirýdiń ártúrli tehnologiialaryn salystyrmaly zertteý negizinde óńdeý tehnologiiasynyń elementterin, saralanǵan qorektenýdi, ósimdikterdi qorǵaý quraldaryn jáne rentabeldi óndiris úshin tehnikany qoldana otyryp, aýyl sharýashylyǵy daqyldarynyń (dándi, dándi-burshaq, maily jáne tehnikalyq daqyldardy) eginshilik júiesin ázirleý» baǵdarlamalyq-nysanaly qarjylandyrý sheńberinde oryndalyp jatqan jumystarǵa negiz boldy.
2015 jyldan beri ǵylymi jobalardyń nátijeleri boiynsha Sýdan shóbi men Afrika tarysyn qatań klimatqa beiimdeý maqsatynda ekologiialyq sort synaý júrgizile bastady. Birneshe jyldan beri júrgizilgen synama nátijesinde qurǵaqshylyqqa tózimdi sorttar irikteldi. Bul mal azyǵy retinde qunarly, joǵary ónimdi, tuzǵa tózimdi daqyldardyń biri.
Mal azyǵy úshin ósirilgen Sýdan shóbi men Afrika tarysy kók maisa shóbin jaz boiy 2-3 ret oryp, maldy azyqtandyrýǵa, dánderiniń sút bolyp pisý mezgilinde súrlem daiyndaýǵa, qysqy shóp retinde jáne dánge paidalanýǵa bolady.
Sonyń ishinde sút keshenderindegi saýyn siyrlar úshin atalǵan daqyldar taptyrmas azyq bolady. Bul – daqyl qýańshylyqqa ǵana tózimdi emes, sonymen qatar ózge dándi-daqyldarǵa qaraǵanda aýrýlar men ziiankesterge de tózimdi ekenin aita ketýimiz kerek.
Tanaptyq tájiribelerdiń nátijeleri kórsetkendei eki orymda gektarynan 42,4-50,5 tonnaǵa deiin kók balaýsa mal azyǵyn alýǵa bolady. Búginde aýylsharýashylyq salasy úshin taptyrmas jańa daqyldy sharýalar jappai qoldanýdy kózdep otyr.
Osy ýaqytqa deiin elimizde Sýdan shóbi men Afrika tarysy keńinen qoldanyla qoiǵan joq. Osyǵan bailanysty ony sheshý joldarynyń biri – jasyl salmaǵy joǵary, kóp maqsatty múmkindikteri sheksiz, qorshaǵan ortanyń qolaisyz faktorlaryna beiimdelgen Sýdan shóbi men Afrika tarysynyń ónimdiligi joǵary sorttaryn jetildirý.
Qazaqstannyń ońtústik-shyǵysynda qurǵaqshylyqqa tózimdi daqyldar (Sýdan shóbi jáne afrikalyq tary) biomassa men astyqtyń joǵary ónimin qamtamasyz etetin sapasy jaǵynan joǵary ónimdi, baǵaly mal azyqtyq daqyldar bolyp tabylady.
Zertteý nátijeleri boiynsha ósirý tehnologiiasy qatań saqtalǵan jaǵdaida sýdan shóbinen 450 ts/ga deiin jáne afrikalyq tarydan 400 ts/ga deiin jasyl salmaǵynyń ónimi, dán ónimdiligi boiynsha gektaryna 17-22 tsentnerge deiin ónim alyndy.
Mal sharýashylyǵy salasyn qajetti azyqpen qamtamasyz etý jáne shalǵyndar men jaiylymdardy tiimdi paidalaný maqsatynda zertteýge alynǵan Afrika tarysymen turaqty jemshóp qoryn daiyndap, mal sharýashylyǵy ónimderin óndirýde tiimdi daqyl ekenin kórsetti.
Aýyl sharýashylyǵy aýa raiynyń qolaisyzdyǵyna eń kóp áser etetin sektorlardyń biri bolyp qala beredi. Jyldan jylǵa temperatýranyń qalyptan tys joǵarylaýyna bailanysty Qazaqstannyń ońtústik óńirlerinde qurǵaqshylyq bastaldy, bul aýyl sharýashylyǵy daqyldarynyń óniminiń tómendeýine ákeldi.
Elimizdiń barlyq aýmaǵynda ósýge qabiletti asa qurǵaqshylyqqa tózimdi, joǵary ónimdi daqyldardy óndiriske keńinen engizý problemanyń eń tiimdi sheshimderiniń biri bolyp tabylady.
Qurǵaq aýmaqtar úshin eń perspektivti daqyldardyń biri – Sýdan shóbi bolyp tabylady. Qazaqstannyń ońtústik-shyǵysynda qurǵaqshylyqqa tózimdi daqyldar (sýdan shóbi) biomassa men astyqtyń joǵary ónimdiligin qamtamasyz etetin joǵary ónimdi, sapasy jaǵynan qundy jemdik daqyl bolyp tabylady. Ósirý tehnologiiasyn saqtai otyryp, jasyl massanyń ónimi 40 t/ga sýdan shópteri men 40 t/ga deiin mal azyǵyn óndirýge bolady. Al Afrika tarysynan 1,7 t/ga deiin jáne 2,2 t/ga deiin dán alýǵa múmkindik bar.
Gýlia QUNYPIIaEVA, Qazaq eginshilik jáne ósimdik sharýashylyǵy ǴZI aǵa ǵylymi qyzmetkeri, a.sh.ǵ. kandidaty
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