Qazirgi tańda, jaqynynan aiyrylyp, qaiǵy jutyp otyrǵan otbasy qaraly salttan góri, kóbine kóp kóńildi dastarqannyń sánine aýdara bastaidy. Osy máseleni tolyqtai zertteý úshin biz «QAMQOR-SHARAPAT» Ortalyǵynan biraz málimetti jinap, zerttep kórdik, dep habarlaidy Dalanews.kz.
Qaiǵynyń ózine emes, onyń syrtqy kórinisine basymdyq berip, bári de bir-birinen qalǵysy kelmei, ózara jasyryn básekege túsip ketedi. Alaida, qazirgi qoǵamda janaza rásimi óziniń bastapqy maǵynasynan alystap, sán-saltanatqa, jasandy abyroi jarysyna ainalyp ketkendei.
Búginde keń dastarhan jaiylyp, 200-300 adamǵa deiin as berý úshin záýlim meiramhanalar jaldanatyn boldy. Marqumǵa qurmet kórsetý degen jeleýmen myńdaǵan teńge shashylady.
Ysyrapshyldyq: Qazaq tarihyndaǵy kórinisteri men saldary
Qazaq halqynyń turmys-tirshiligi, salt-dástúri men dúnietanymy ǵasyrlar boiy qalyptasqan. Tarihtyń ár kezeńinde halqymyzdyń ómirinde qonaqjailylyq pen keńpeiildilik joǵary baǵalanǵanymen, osy qasietter keide ysyrapshyldyqqa ulasyp otyrǵany da jasyryn emes. Ysyrapshyldyq- tek búgingi kúnniń máselesi emes, ol qazaq qoǵamynda burynnan kele jatqan áleýmettik, moraldyq jáne ekonomikalyq qubylys.
Qazaq qoǵamynda el aldynda abyroily bolý, aǵaiyn-týysqa, rýlastaryna óz mártebesin kórsetý úshin as berý, toi jasaý, qonaq kútý siiaqty joralǵylarda óz materialdyq jaǵdaiyna qaramai mal soiyp, dúnie shashý keń taraǵan. Kei jaǵdailarda toi-dýmandarda júzdegen jylqy soiylyp, dúnie-múlik ashyq taratylǵan.
Dástúr men ysyrapshylyqtyń arasy
Bir aýylda bolǵan oqiǵa. Atasy qaitys bolǵan azamat Almatydan arnaiy «KamAZ»- ben dastarqandyq ydys-aiaq, banketke arnalǵan oryndyq, shatyryna deiin aldyryp, 200 adamǵa arnap as berdi. Keiin marqumnyń artynda qalǵan týystary men balalary birneshe ai boiy qaryzdan shyǵa almai, nesie alýǵa májbúr bolǵan. Bul-bir ǵana mysal.
Qazaqstan Musylmandary Dini Basqarmasynyń dini rásimderde ysyrapqa barmaý jolyndaǵy jumystary
Qazaqstan Musylmandary Dini Basqarmasynyń (budan ári - QMDB) Tóraǵasy, bas múfti Naýryzbai qajy Taǵanulynyń bastamasymen, 2020 jyly QMDB janyndaǵy «Ǵulamalar keńesi» janaza rásimin atqarý men zirat kótergende jáne qudaiy as-jiyndarda ysyrap pen básekelestiktiń aldyn alý maqsatynda eldegi musylmandarǵa arnalǵan «Zirat jáne ziarat mádenieti» jáne «As berý mádenieti» atty kontseptýaldy qujattar qabyldaǵan.
Sondai-aq, Elordanyń Bas meshitinde qyzmet atqaratyn maman ózderi jumys isteitin ortalyqtyń qyzmeti men baǵyt-baǵdary jaily keńinen baiandap berdi.
«Janaza jáne jerleý rásimin (salttyq qyzmet kórsetý) atqaratyn QMDB janynda «QAMQOR-SHARAPAT» Ortalyǵy qurylǵan.
Ortalyq óz qyzmetin júgingen turǵyndardyń marqum bolǵan týystaryna, iaǵni máiitti - shariǵat talabymen jýyndyrý, kebindeý, janazasyn oqý, avtokólik (avia) qyzmeti arqyly tasmaldaý, qabir qazý-jerleý, qulpytas ornatý, zirat basynda jáne qudaiy as-jiyndarda Quran baǵyshtap-bata jasaý syndy salttyq qyzmetterdi atqarady.
Ortalyqtyń qyzmetine halyqtyń suranysy artýyna bailanysty, elimizdiń barlyq óńirlerinen Ortalyqtyń filialdary ashylyp táýlik boiy qyzmet etýde.
Ortalyq «Ótkenge qurmet - tirige mindet» taqyrybymen jyl saiyn meshitter jamaǵaty men eriktileriniń qatysýynda jylyna eki ret kóktem jáne kúz ailarynda respýblika boiynsha zirattardy tazalaý sharasyn uiymdastyryp keledi.
El aýmaǵyndaǵy jergilikti zirat ákimshiligi Ortalyqqa zirattardyń ishinen arnai jer-sektorlaryn bólýde, ol jerge jerlengen marqumdardyń qabir basyna salynatyn zirattardy jalpyǵa ortaq birizdilik mádenietimen kóterýdiń úlgisin kórsetýde.
Sonymen qatar, Ortalyq elimizge tanymal IT kompaniialarymen jasalǵan memorandým negizinde salttyq qyzmetke elektorndy tapsyrys berý qyzymeti men zirattardy tsifrlandyrý jobasyn qolǵa aldy»,- deidi maman.
Bizge arnaiy ýaqyt bólip, ashyq ári shynaiy suhbat bergen Elordalyq Bas meshittiń imamy « Qudai as» týraly jáne onyń mańyzy jaily tarqatyp berdi.
«Dúnie salǵan kisige saýaby tisin degen maqsatta beriletin asty «Qudaiy as» dep ataidy. «Qudaiy as» ataýynan kórinip turǵandai (Alla taǵalanyń razylyǵyn alý úshin) qaitys bolǵan adamǵa arnalǵan as. Mundai as qaitys bolǵan kisi Allanyń raqymy men keshirimine bólený úshin ótkiziledi»,- deidi imam.
Eldegi musylmandarǵa arnalǵan «Zirat jáne ziarat mádenieti» jáne «As berý mádenieti» atty kontseptýaldy qujattardan anyqtama:
Tarihi túsinik
Qazaq halqynda qaitys bolǵan adamdy dástúr boiynsha arýlap jýýdan bastap, aq mataǵa kebindeý, janaza namazyn oqý, shyǵaryp salý, jerleý, qoshtasý, asyn berý, qazanyń qaiǵysyn bólisý sekildi dini jáne ulttyq joralǵylar bar.
Osyǵan qarai qudaiy as berý joralǵysyn ótkizýdiń jyldar boiy qalyptasqan ózindik erekshelikteri men dástúrleri bar. Halyq túsiniginde beriletin astyń, oqylǵan Qurannyń, jasalǵan duǵa- tilektiń qaitys bolǵan kisige tigizetin paidasy men saýaby jaiynda tereń senim qalyptasqan. Al marqumdarǵa as bermeý «ata-babasyn syilamaý, árýaqtardy qurmettemeý» dep sanalǵan. Sondyqtan, qudaiy as berýdegi osy joralǵylardy retteý- ózekti másele.
Sebebi, ýaqyt óte kele halyq arasynda «ata-babama as bermesem elden uiat bolady, perzenttik abyroiymnan aiyrylamyn» degen túsinik qalyptasty. Osylaisha qudaiy as bergende óliler qamy emes, tiriler rizashylyǵy (meiramhanada as ótkizý, qymbat dastarhan mázirine mán berý, t.b.) erekshe nazarǵa alynatyn boldy. Endigi kezekte, osy syndy burys senimderden sanaly túrde arylatyn ýaqyt keldi. Negizinde tirilerge de, qaitqan kisilerge de paidasy tietin dúnielerge birdei mán bergen durys.
Qudaiy as berýdiń dindegi orny
Qazaqstan musylmandary dini basqarmasy tarapynan ázirlenip, jaryq kórgen «Janaza jáne jerleý rásimderi» kitabynda: «Qaitys bolǵan kisiniń atynan as berý- islam shariǵatynda mindetti túrde atqarylýy tiis paryz amaldaryna jatpaidy. Iaǵni, jasalmaǵan jaǵdaida eshbir adam kúnáhar bolmaidy. Biraq jalpy alǵanda jurtqa tamaq taratýdyń saýapty is ekenin Quran aiattarynan jáne hadisterden baiqaimyz. Dinimizde «mindetti túrde qaryzdanyp nemese ózińe qajetti qarjyńdy jumsap, qaitys bolǵan kisi atynan iri qara mal soiyp, sadaqa ber» degen úkim joq. Sadaqalar, qudaiy astar berilgen jaǵdaida ysyrapqa jol berilmesten atqarylýy tiis»- delingen [«Janaza jáne jerleý rásimderi»-Astana, 2017. -148 bet].
Qudaiy as berý mádenietiniń negizgi jeti tiregi
1.Shynaiy niet etý
- Qudaiy asqa jinalý
- Quran oqý, bata berý jáne duǵa jasaý
- Ysyrapqa jol bermeý
- Qudaiy asta ýaǵyz-nasihat aitý
6.Marqumdy eske alý jáne qaraly otbasyn jubatý
- Qudaiy asta qarapaiymdylyqty saqtaý
Ysyrapqa jol bermeý
As ta tók ysyrap jasaý kez kelgen otbasyǵa materialdyq turǵyda shyǵyn ákeledi. Qasietti Quranda: «…ishińder, jeńder, alaida ysyrapqa jol bermeńder. Óitkeni Alla Taǵala ysyrap etýshilerdi súimeidi» delingen («Aǵraf» súresi, 31-aiat).
Mal-dáýleti bar adamdar da qudaiy asty qarapaiym deńgeide bergeni jón. Alaida marqumnyń atynan basqa da saýapty amaldar jasaýdy qalasa, jetim-jesirlerge, kedei- kepshikterge qaiyr-sadaqa berip, meshit, medrese, mektep, bala-baqsha, halyq júretin jol, kópir salyp, aǵash egip, basqa da izgi ister arqyly óz nietin iske asyrýyna bolady.
Qudaiy asqa arnap mal soiý mindet emes. Óitkeni qudaiy asta jinalǵan adamdardy toidyrý shariǵat talabyna da, maqsatyna da jatpaidy. Eń bastysy, as berýshilerdiń jáne oǵan qatysýshylardyń nieti taza bolýy tiis.
Qudaiy asta káde (syilyq, tábárik, jyrtys jáne t.b. ) taratýdy shariǵat talap etpeidi.Oǵan jumsalǵan qarjyǵa shyn muqtajdardyń qajetin óteý- álde –qaida saýapty.
Qudaiy asta qarapaiymdylyqty saqtaý
Qudaiy as dastarhanynda qarapaiymdylyq tanytý- ádeptiliktiń belgisi ári mádeniettiliktiń kórinisi.
Qudaiy as dastarhanynda dáýletti kisiler joǵary, jaǵdaiy tómender tómende otyrýy tiis degen teris túsinikten aýlaq bolý qajet.
Dastarhanǵa meilinshe turmysy tómen, áleýmettik az qamtylǵan jandardy kóbirek qatystyrǵan abzal. Onyń saýaby molyraq bolady.
Qasietti Quranda: «Olardyń (izgi jandardyń) mal- múlik dúnielerinde, kómek suraýshynyń da (joqshylyqqa sabyr etip, alaqan jaiýdy ar kóretin) paqyrdyń da tiesili aqysy (sybaǵasy) bar» dep baiandalǵan («Záriiat» súresi, 19-aiat). Qudaiy as bergende osy erejeni nazarda ustaý qajet.
Qudaiy astyń dastarhan mázirinde barynsha qarapaiymdylyq saqtalǵany jón.
Qudaiy as dastarhanynda dáýletine ne mansabyna qarai emes, asqa kelgen kisige qarapaiymdylyqpen birdei mámile jasap, kóńil bólinýi tiis.
Nelikten ysyrapqa baramyz?
- Qoǵamdyq qysym. «El ne deidi?» degen ustanym.
- Salystyrý. «Basqalary osylai ótkizdi, men de kem qalmaiyn» degen oi.
- Bilimniń jetispeýshiligi. Islam turǵysynan janaza mádenieti jaily naqty aqparattyń azdyǵy.
- Marqumǵa degen shynaiy qurmet- mol dastarqan men sán-saltanat emes. Ol – duǵa, sadaqa, jaqsy amal, artynda qalǵandarǵa qoldaý kórsetý.
