2025 jyly Qazaqstannyń 17 oblysyndaǵy aýyldyq jerlerden shamamen 638 myń adam kóship ketken. Bir qaraǵanda bul kórsetkish aýyldar bosap, halyq jappai megapolisterge qonys aýdaryp jatyr degen pikirdi rastaityndai kórinedi. Alaida óńirlik damý jónindegi Qazaq Expert Club sarapshysy Fatima Gerfanovanyń aitýynsha, jaǵdai budan áldeqaida kúrdeli, dep habarlaidy dalanews.kz.
Sarapshynyń sózinshe, bul kórsetkish aýyl halqynyń taza azaiýyn emes, aýyldan kóship ketkenderdiń jalpy sanyn kórsetedi. Sondyqtan ony aýylǵa kóship kelgender sany, tabiǵi ósim jáne óńirdegi jalpy halyq sanymen birge qarastyrý qajet.
Zertteýge sáikes, aýyldan kóshkenderdiń shamamen 44 paiyzy óz oblysynyń shekarasynan tys jerge qonys aýdarǵan. Al olardyń 31 paiyzy Almaty, Astana jáne Shymkent qalalaryn tańdaǵan.
Sonymen qatar kóship ketkenderdiń jartysynan kóbi óz oblysynyń ishinde qalǵan. Olardyń bir bóligi resmi túrde aýyl sanalǵanymen, is júzinde qalalyq aglomeratsiianyń quramyna enip ketken eldi mekenderge qonystanǵan.
Kóshi-qonnyń úsh modeli
Sarapshy Qazaqstandaǵy aýyldyq kóshi-qonnyń úsh negizgi stsenariiin bólip kórsetedi.
Birinshi model – megapolisterge tikelei kóshý. Bul jaǵdaida aýyl turǵyndarynyń basym bóligi óz óńirinen ketip, Almaty, Astana, Shymkent nemese basqa da iri ekonomikalyq ortalyqtarǵa qonys aýdarady. Mundai úrdis Túrkistan, Aqmola, Qyzylorda oblystary men Ulytaý oblysyna tán.
Mysaly, Túrkistan oblysynda aýyldyq jerden kóshken 135,3 myń adamnyń 61 paiyzy basqa óńirlerge ketken. Olardyń basym bóligi Shymkentti tańdaǵan. Al Túrkistan qalasynyń ózi aýyldyq kóship-qonýshylardyń nebári 3 paiyzyn ǵana qabyldaǵan.
Aqmola oblysynda da uqsas jaǵdai baiqalady. Munda aýyldan ketkenderdiń 61 paiyzy óńirden tys jerge kóshken, al syrtqy kóshi-qon aǵynynyń jartysyna jýyǵy Astanaǵa baǵyttalǵan. Sarapshynyń pikirinshe, Kókshetaý ákimshilik ortalyq bolǵanymen, jalaqy, jumys oryndary, bilim berý men qyzmet kórsetý sapasy jaǵynan elordamen básekelesý qiyn.
Halyqty ustap otyrǵan óńirler
Ekinshi model – halyqtyń óńir ishinde qalýy. Munda aýyl turǵyndary eldi mekenderin tastasa da, óz oblysynyń qalalaryna qonys aýdarady. Bul úrdis Aqtóbe, Qaraǵandy, Mańǵystaý, Qostanai, Atyraý, Batys Qazaqstan, Shyǵys Qazaqstan jáne Pavlodar oblystaryna tán.
Eń aiqyn mysal – Aqtóbe oblysy. Munda aýyldan ketken turǵyndardyń tek 10 paiyzy ǵana basqa óńirlerge kóshken. Bul – barlyq 17 oblys arasyndaǵy eń tómengi kórsetkish. Sarapshy muny óńirdegi eńbek naryǵynyń halyqty ustap tura alatynymen bailanystyrady.
Qaraǵandy oblysynda da aýyl turǵyndarynyń tek 21 paiyzy ǵana óńirden tys jerge kóshedi. Qaraǵandy men Temirtaý qalalaryndaǵy ónerkásip pen turaqty ekonomika jergilikti halyqqa basqa oblysqa ketpei-aq jumys tabýǵa múmkindik beredi.
Almaty oblysynyń ereksheligi
Úshinshi model – aralas kóshi-qon. Bul Almaty, Jambyl, Jetisý, Abai jáne Soltústik Qazaqstan oblystaryna tán.
Sarapshy Almaty oblysyn erekshe atap ótedi. Bul – aýyldyq jerlerinde kóshi-qon saldosy oń bolyp otyrǵan jalǵyz óńir. Munda halyq negizinen Almaty qalasynyń mańyndaǵy Qarasai, Talǵar jáne Ile aýdandaryna kóship keledi.
Resmi túrde bul aýyldyq aýmaqtar sanalǵanymen, is júzinde olar Almaty aglomeratsiiasynyń bir bóligine ainalǵan. Turǵyndar bul jerlerdi megapoliske jaqyndyǵy, jumys oryndarynyń kóptigi jáne turǵyn úidiń qoljetimdiligi úshin tańdaidy.
Óńirlik ortalyqtardyń mańyzy
Sarapshy Aqmola men Qaraǵandy oblystaryn salystyra otyryp, eki óńirdiń de elordaǵa jaqyn ornalasqanyna qaramastan, kóshi-qon baǵyttarynyń ártúrli ekenin atap ótti. Aqmola oblysynyń turǵyndary negizinen Astanaǵa kóshse, Qaraǵandy oblysynda halyqtyń edáýir bóligi óńir ishinde qalyp otyr. Buǵan Qaraǵandy men Temirtaý siiaqty qýatty ekonomikalyq ortalyqtardyń bolýy sebep.
Fatima Gerfanova bul tujyrymnyń BUU-nyń World Urbanization Prospects 2025 baiandamasymen de úndes ekenin aitty. Qujatta Qazaqstan sekildi elderdiń damýy tek megapolisterdiń tóńireginde ǵana shoǵyrlanbaýy tiis ekeni kórsetilgen.
Sarapshynyń pikirinshe, aýyl men iri qala arasyndaǵy bailanysty qamtamasyz etetin shaǵyn jáne orta qalalardy, qala mańyndaǵy aýmaqtardy jáne óńirlik ortalyqtardy damytý mańyzdy. Óitkeni kúshti óńirlik ortalyqtary bar oblystarda kóshi-qon aǵynynyń basym bóligi sol óńirdiń ishinde qalady. Al mundai ortalyqtar álsiz óńirlerde turǵyndar Almaty, Astana nemese Shymkentke kóshýdi jón kóredi.
